【導(dǎo)讀】同時(shí)也大大的提高了我們熟悉運(yùn)用手冊、規(guī)范、圖表等技。、排屑以及在機(jī)床上安裝的穩(wěn)定可靠性………接夾具、裝配夾具及檢驗(yàn)夾具。對(duì)工件進(jìn)行機(jī)械加工時(shí)，一些精度要。管閥主要用于需要保持全開全關(guān)的場。用來控制運(yùn)輸油品、蒸汽、水等的流量。蓋、閥桿、支架、手輪等組成。閥體工藝規(guī)程的編制，以及閥體在加工過程中，工序夾具的設(shè)計(jì)。質(zhì)流動(dòng)的起閉器。位移，達(dá)到開啟和關(guān)閉的目的。閘閥主要是由閥體、閥蓋、閘板、閥座及閥桿等零件組成。流量的大小則是由閘板、閥桿等的控制調(diào)整。由零件圖得知，其材料為WCB，是美國材料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。特用于閥門，其含碳量在以下。具有較強(qiáng)的強(qiáng)度、耐磨性、耐熱性，使用于承受較大應(yīng)力、要求耐磨的零件。線等，以及8-￠25的螺栓孔的加工。

　　

【正文】 軸轉(zhuǎn)速設(shè)定于 Y軸調(diào)節(jié)器上（或在 NC中改 X軸號(hào)為 Y軸號(hào)）給指令于 Y軸 ，這時(shí) Y軸各限位開關(guān)失效，且 X軸無位置反饋，可能機(jī)床一啟動(dòng)即產(chǎn)生 X 軸測量回路硬件故障報(bào)警，且 X軸各限位開關(guān)也不起作用。 1．硬接線系統(tǒng)（繼電器一接觸器系統(tǒng)）信號(hào)追蹤法 硬接線系統(tǒng)具有可見的接線、接線端子、測試點(diǎn)。故障狀態(tài)可以用試電筆、萬用表、示波器等測試工具測量電壓、電流的大小、性質(zhì)變化狀態(tài)、電路的短路、斷路、電阻值的變化等，從而判斷出故障的原因。 2． NC、 PLC 系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)顯示法 NC、 PLC程序是軟件結(jié)構(gòu)，有些機(jī)床面板、編程器可以進(jìn)行狀態(tài)顯示，顯示其輸入、輸出及中間環(huán)節(jié)標(biāo)志位等狀態(tài)，用于判斷故障的位置。例如 PLC 的輸出 Q由輸入 IO. 0、中間標(biāo)志 NC 的信號(hào) 。我們可以分別檢查： IO. 0， ，若 IO． 0=0，則外接開關(guān)不通。若 =1，則要檢查 。若 =0，則要檢查 NC 為什么不使其為 1。這種檢查要比硬接線系統(tǒng)方便多了。由于NC 和 PLC 功能強(qiáng)而且較為復(fù)雜，因此要求維修人員熟悉具體機(jī)型控制原理， PLC 使用的匯編語言 ，例如 PLC程序中多有觸發(fā)器支持，有的置位信號(hào)都維護(hù)時(shí)間不長。有些環(huán)節(jié)動(dòng)作時(shí)間很短，不仔細(xì)觀察很難發(fā)現(xiàn)已起過作用，但狀態(tài)的變化已經(jīng)消失了。 3．硬接線的強(qiáng)制在追蹤中可以在信號(hào)線路上加上正常情況的信號(hào)來測試后繼電路，但這樣做是危險(xiǎn)的，因?yàn)檫@無形中忽略了許多連鎖環(huán)節(jié)。因此要特別注意： （ 1）把涉及到的前級(jí)線斷開，避免所加的電源對(duì)前級(jí)造成的損害； （ 2）盡量地移動(dòng)可能移動(dòng)的機(jī)床部分，使可以較長時(shí)間移動(dòng)而不致于碰上限位，以免碰撞； （ 3）弄清楚所加信號(hào)是 什么類型，例如直流還是脈沖，是恒流源還是恒壓源提供的； （ 4）設(shè)定要盡可能小一些（因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)方式與速度與設(shè)定關(guān)系很難確定）； （ 5）密切注意可能忽略的聯(lián)鎖可能導(dǎo)致的后果； 南通職業(yè)大學(xué)機(jī)械系畢業(yè)論文 23 （ 6）要密切觀察運(yùn)動(dòng)的情況，勿使超程。 4． NC、 PLC 控制變量的強(qiáng)制 在 PLC 中可以強(qiáng)制輸出 1，可以強(qiáng)制使某一位為 1，雖然程序中這一位不可能為 1，這種強(qiáng)制得到的瞬間效果。若想對(duì)標(biāo)志位或輸出長期強(qiáng)制，最好的是在程序中清除它的定義程序段或使程序段雖有，而不被執(zhí)行。在診 斷出故障單元后，亦可利用系統(tǒng)分析法和信號(hào)追蹤法把故障范圍縮小到單元內(nèi)部某一個(gè)部件，某一個(gè)芯片，或某一個(gè)元件。當(dāng)然還可以用各種檢測儀器對(duì)某一插件的故障定位 The machine error examination Malfunction examination process different, but has a little following method in general because malfunction type different. One, routine examination 1 outside shows the queen who examines that failure happened in system , carries out outward appearance examination first , seeks the obvious malfunction , has the pertinency field to examine the relevant ponent. Pay attention to if air switch , breaker , hot relay have tripping operation phenomenon in overall examination, if every fusible cutout phenomenon having fusing , every if printing circuit board have ponent if damage , break , hot shot phenomenon , connecting line have a disconnection , graft if piece have ing off. Want the choice examining that switch location , potentiometer setting up , short circuit are good to be identical with original state or not too. And pay attention to observing a machine tool during the period of the malfunction appears, phenomenon such as noisy , vibrating or not , coke smell of burnt food , abnormal fever heat. If the electric fan besides, cooling down rotate waits regularly. With regard to, what abnormal phenomena the malfunction happens having occasionally , how operation personnel handles, need to be in progress asking about detailedly, this is very important to the cause analysing a malfunction. Or 2 connection cable and connecting lines are examined specifically for the malfunction in connection with the part, appearance or the implement connecting line is regular or not , if wire , cable breaks a little bit simplely, if electric resistance value enhance waits. Need to pay attention to often flexible cable or wire especially 南通職業(yè)大學(xué)機(jī)械系畢業(yè)論文 24 , disconnect since accepting force possibility. 3 the end linking up and relevant specifically for the malfunction parts of the connector assembly examination, examine that its pertinent terminals son, element connector assembly. But these ponents oxidize easy to loosen , generate heat, electrochemistry corrodes, the disconnection appears or is to contact not good. 4 pair of ponent issuing a job in adverse circumstances is examined Get along to shaking , gluing dust or the greasy dirt easy to be heated , to be bee damp , be accepted , age or bee invalid easy to make a ponent appear. Need to examine that carefully to these places. The ventilating duct , the outside surface are especially very clean , often store up large amount of electric conduction dust but within the ventilating duct. Some factories are that the module burns through have brought about the entire servo since iron powder accumulates , lose several hundreds of thousand yuan. The location examining that the ponent is easy to deride responds to 5 ponents easy to damage location according to regulation periodic inspection。 Directcurrent servo electricity electromechanical pivot brush , mutator, wear easy to measure the fast generator brush , mutation Zi Du, has been various problem easy to appear location and , has damaged an electric motor even. To paper tape reader photoelectricity read in unit and optical elements transparency,can39。t want the examination being in progress special. Light sensor and glowing ponent ageing, can bring about reading the belt mistake. These ponent , ponent respond to 6 the ponents responding to the maintenance the regular intervals and the ponent examination be in progress according to Hoyle in time wash with lubrication. If not carrying out a maintenance be very easy to be out of order. Some electric motor mutators already have dawdled away having bee a ditch , the rotor blows in , brings about discharging , axle bearing since the brush is pink to lack for lube, these all are that not yet timely upkeep brings about。 The electric fan long range cooling down does not rotate , even, the ventilating duct blocks up , the electric fan electric motor cannot rotate , the result electric motor burns through。 The rotator does not lubricate because of axle 南通職業(yè)大學(xué)機(jī)械系畢業(yè)論文 25 bearing , the hot shot , final electric motor of end cap adopts a baby live high and low bringing about, electric motor fever derides even. That the mains input 7 mains inputs are examined is examined is a very important link. Need to examine that the mains input i