【正文】 vitamin [?vit?min, vai]，維他命 malnutrition [?m230。lnju?tri??n]，營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足 decaffeinated [di:39。k230。fineitid]adj. 不含咖啡因toxic [‘t?ksik] toxin 毒素植物學(xué)：botany 植物學(xué)botanical / botanic 植物學(xué)的 botanist [‘b?t?nist] herb [h?:b]parasite plant[39。?rɡ?n] 寄生植物 aquatic[39。230。nju?l] plant 水生植物 horticulture [?h?rt??k?lt??]園藝學(xué)system 系統(tǒng)forest [‘f?rist] jungle [?d???g?l]tropical rain forest [‘tr?piklrein’f?rist] Tropical savanna forest [‘tr?pikls?’v230。n?’f?rist] 稀樹(shù)草原deciduous forest [di’sid?u?s’f?rist] Deciduous monsoon forest [di’sid?u?sm?n’su:n’f? rist]Temperate rain forest [‘temp?ritrein’f?rist] Temperate evergreen forest [‘temp?rit’ev? ɡ ri:n’f ? rist]subarctic [‘s?b’ɑ:ktik] flowering tree [?flau?ri:i?] [tri:] lumber [‘l?mb?] lawn [l?n]草坪grassland [‘ɡrɑ:sl230。nd] meadow[?med?u]；牧場(chǎng) prairie [?pre?ri]；牧場(chǎng) ranch [rɑ:nt?]；大牧場(chǎng) shrub [?r?b] = bush[br??] 灌木叢cluster[?kl?st?z]，簇；群，組 ，叢生 marsh[mɑ:?]；濕地beach[bi:t?]alpine region [‘230。lpain’ri:d??n] blossom[[?blɑ:s?m]花群、開(kāi)花 root [ru:t]n. 根stem [stem] stalk[st?k]桿petal [‘petl] bud [b?d]花蕾 column[39。kɑl?m]花柱 pistil [‘pistil] stamen [‘steimen] wither / shrivel / fade 凋謝seed [si:d]n. 種子germinate [?d??:mineit]vi. 發(fā)芽.shoot (sprout ) [?ut][spra?t]嫩芽，抽枝 rhizome [39。raiz?um]n. 根莖，根狀莖，地下莖 trunk [tr??k]樹(shù)干bark [bɑrk]樹(shù)皮 crown [kraun] canopy [‘k230。n?pi] ：樹(shù)林中最上面一層 branch[br230。nt?]樹(shù)枝twig [tw?ɡ]小樹(shù)枝leaf [li:f]（leaves 復(fù)）leaflet[39。lifl?t]小葉 peel(skin)[pil]果皮husk[h?sk]（干）果殼/（玉米）苞葉 shell (硬) [??l]果殼barren[39。b230。r?n]貧瘠的；不生育的 pesticide [?pestisaid] | 殺蟲(chóng)劑 insecticide [in39。sektisaid]n. 殺蟲(chóng)劑，農(nóng)藥 granary(grain store) [39。gr230。n?ri]糧倉(cāng)annual 一年一生的 perennial[p?39。r?n??l]多年一生的 rosette[ro39。z?t]（葉的）叢生mutualism [‘mju:tju?liz?m,’mju:t?u?liz?m] symbiosis [?simbi??usis]，共生關(guān)系 symbiotic [‘simbai’?tik] 考過(guò)的動(dòng)物：reptile [?reptail] rodent[?r?ud?nt]gorilla 大猩猩 chimpanzee[?t?imp230。n?zi:] baboon [b?39。bu:n]anthropoid [?230。nθr?p?id]beast [bist]野獸 wolf[wulf] cheetah [39。t?it?] 獵豹 bear[b??] lions[?lai?n]rat [r230。t]=mouse [maus]（復(fù)數(shù) mice） squirrel[?skwir?l] kangaroo[?k230。?g??ru:]marmot [39。mɑ:m?t] chipmunk[?t?ipm??k] meerkat[39。mi?k230。t]elephant [?elif?nt] mammoth[?m230。m?θ]，長(zhǎng)毛象 cattle [?k230。tl]bison [39。baisn] buffalo [?b?f?l?u] rhinoceros [rai39。n?s?r?s] zebra[?zi:br?, ?ze:]hippopotamuses [?hip??p?t?m?s] =hippo[39。hip?u] 馬deer[di?]camel [?k230。m?l] antelope[39。230。nt?lop]羚羊 rabbit[?r230。bit]pigeon[?pid?in] crow[kr?u] eagle[?i:gl] hawk[h?:k]owl[aul]songbird [‘s??b?:d] hummingbird [?h?mi?b?:d] bat [b230。t]colubrid[?kɑl?br?d, ?kɑlj?]venomous snake [?ven?m?s][sneik] dinosaur[?dain?s?:]Tyrannosaurus rex [tai?r230。n?39。s?:r?s] [reks] alligator [?230。ligeit?]= crocodile[?kr?k?dail] turtle[39。t?tl]龜snake [sneik] frog [fr?g] chameleon 變色龍 lizard[?liz?d] snail[sneil]penguin [?pe?gwin]otter [??t?] shrimp[?rimp] crayfish [‘kreifi?] clam [kl230。m]crab [kr230。b] coral[?k?r?l] beaver [?bi:v?] dolphin[?d?lfin] starfish[?stɑr?f??] octopus[39。?kt?p?s] whale[hweil]eel [i:l]flounder [‘flaund?] n. 比目魚(yú) squid [skwid] jellyfish [‘d?elifi?] oyster [‘?ist?] sponge[sloθ]海綿insect [?insekt] bug [b?ɡ] worm[w?m]蟲(chóng)/蠕蟲(chóng)caterpillar [‘k230。t?pil?] pest [pest] parasite [39。p230。r?sa?t]寄生蟲(chóng)spider [‘spaid?] cockroach[39。k?kr?ut?] ant [230。nt]termite [?t?:mait]fly [flai] hornet 大黃蜂mosquito[m?s?ki:t?u] moth [m?θ]butterfly [‘b?t?flai] 考過(guò)的植物：paleontology[?p230。li?u?liθik] vegetation[?ved?i?tei??n]rain forest [39。rein 39。f?r?st] deciduous tree [di?sidju?s][?b?:t?]eucalyptus [?ju:k??lipt?s] maple[?meip?l] oak[?uk]conifer tree [39。kɑn?f?]針葉樹(shù) softwood [‘s?ftwud] evergreen 常青樹(shù)redwood 紅木樹(shù)pine needle [?ni:dl] [pain]algae [39。230。ld?i:] fungus[?f??g?s]n 真菌，菌類fungi . [39。f??gai]；菌類；蘑菇 lichen [?laik?n]；青苔moss [m?s]，蘚類crop[kr?p]grain (cereal) [ɡren] [39。s?r??l 谷物，谷粒 millet [39。m?l?t]粟，小米wheat [wit]小麥corn [k?:n] =maize [meiz] potato [p??teit?u]onion [??nj?n] tomato [t??mɑ:t?u]Nightshade family [39。nait?eid] [?f230。m?li] lettuce[39。l?t?s]萵苣pumpkin[39。p?mpk?n]南瓜tulip[?tju:lip, ?tu:] cactus [?k230。kt?s] orchid [‘?:kid] spartina[spɑ:’tain?]（鹽灘）Animal Behavior:動(dòng)物行為passive [?p230。siv] [i39。n230。ktiv] 的habitat selection [?h230。bit230。t] [si?lek??n] habitat [?h230。bit230。t] recreate[39。rekrieit]（棲息地）burrow [?b?r?u] nest [nest] survival[s??vaiv?l]territorial[?teri?t?:ri?l] munal [‘k?mjunl] social 群居solitary 獨(dú)居circumstance [?s?:k?mst?ns] = environment[in?vai?r? nm?nt]population density [?p?pju?lei??n] [?densiti] quiescent [kwi’es?nt] hibernate[39。ha?b?net] ；蟄伏 migrate [mai’ɡreit] soar [s?:] glide [ɡlaid] v. 滑行 nomadic[n??39。m230。d?k]；流浪的 domesticate [d??m?st??ket]flexible [‘fleks?bl] stretch [stret?] exhale [eks’heil] inhale [in’heil] forage [‘f?rid?] diving 潛水 / 跳水mating ritual[39。meiti?] [?rit?u?l]求偶儀式 mate [meit]stimulus [?stimjul?s]drive[draiv] =urge[?:d?z]，驅(qū)動(dòng)因素，強(qiáng)烈的愿 望expel [iks’pel] v. 噴出，發(fā)射 displacement [dis?pleism?nt]，換位 grooming [39。gru:mi?]（羽毛） reproduce[?ri:pr??dju:s]20 / 29TPO 聽(tīng)力學(xué)科詞匯分類(新版)lags eggs[?li:k?d?z]下蛋 incubate [‘inkj?’beit] offspring [??f?spri?] larva [?lɑ:v?]molting [‘m?ulti?] fledglings[?fled?li?] hatchling [39。h230。t?li?] tend [tend] pollinate [‘p?lineit] ，傳粉 agent [?eid??nt]spread [spred] ，傳播camouflage [?k230。m?flɑ:?] shield [?i:ld] ，保護(hù) defend [di’fend] protective camouflage predatorprey [?pred?t?] [prei]捕食者—被捕食者enemy [?enimi]pursue [p?’sju:] , 追擊 sting [sti?] injury [‘ind??ri] eliminate [i’limineit] prime [praim]，最好的/ secondary [?sek?nd?ri,deri] ，第二的higher [?hai?] [?l?u?] irrelevant [i?reliv?nt]，不相關(guān) inappropriate[?in?39。pr?upriit] . horizontal [?h?ri?z?ntl] vertical[?v?:tik?l] underneath[??nd??ni:θ]適應(yīng)：Adaptationthe weather [240。?, 240。i:] [?we240。?] =climate [?klaimit] microclimate[39。maikr?u?klaimit]harsh[hɑ:??] a.（氣候）惡劣的 primitive [?primitiv]hibernation [?haib??nei??n] burrow [?b?r?u] territorial[?teri?t?:ri?l]absorb [?b’s?:b] soak up[sok ?p]respiration[?resp??rei??n] photosynthesis[?f?ut?u?sinθ?sis] photolysis[f?u39。t?lisis]osmosis