【導讀】現代住宅的發(fā)展，使住宅建筑電氣設計與住宅建筑電氣設計同時進入。了一個迅速發(fā)展的新高潮。降低住宅造價，均有一定的影響。目前，住宅電氣設計的理論體系和實踐經驗雖。然日趨成熟，但在住宅電氣設計實踐中，仍有一些問題值得進一步探討。在我國電力負荷根據供電可靠性及中斷供電在政治上、經濟上所造。成的損失或影響的程度，分為一級負荷、二級負荷和三級負荷。供電將影響有重大政治、經濟意義的用電單位的正常工作。許中斷供電的負荷，應視為特別重要的負荷。故障是，保證另外一個備用電源不會同時損壞，繼續(xù)供電，保證正常工作。連續(xù)生產過程被打亂、重點企業(yè)大量減產、交通樞紐、通信樞。型商場等較多人員集中的重要的公共場所秩序混亂。本次設計選用分類綜合指標負荷計算。民用建筑則常用需要系數法。經過換算制統(tǒng)一規(guī)定的工作制下而定的容量稱。住宅配電線路的保護是為防止人身受電擊。另一種是房間及接觸帶電體的保護，簡稱防間接接觸保護或防間接接觸保護。

　　

【正文】 ection design the building lightning protection measures and classification A, the direct lightning protection measures, general design personnel are very clear. However, with the development of science and technology, the popularity of electronic equipment, lightning protection induction and thunder electric wave invasion in the design must also be clear, and gradually perfect form a lightning protection work. 1. Lightning induction lightning discharge, nearby conductor from electrostatic induction and electromagic induction, which might make between metal parts produced sparks. Therefore protected structures within the metal ground, is the main measures of lightning induction. First of all, is to do a good job in equipotential connection. For one, two kind of lightning protection buildings parallel or cross laying metal pipe, the clear distance less than 100 mm, should use wire jumper, is to prevent the potential difference caused by electromagic induction to the small gap breakdown, and produce electric spark, every 30 m or less well grounded. 2. Thunder electric wave invasion due to lightning overhead or metal pipe role, thunder electric wave along the pipeline may into the house and endanger personal safety or damage to the equipment. Therefore, well into the line lightning protection, pletes the grading ring and prevent sideswipe thunder lightning wave invasion is the main measures. One, two kind of lightning protection building low pressure into line by buried in all, the line overhead into indoor not less than 15 m a paragraph should change cable (metal armoured cable buried, sheath cable wear steel tube) into the door, and in the overhead and cable in it to lightning protection. Second lightning protection construction when overhead directly into, in addition to a place with lightning arrester, and will go to door device iron piece to the ground, near the building two root pole on the iron parts should also be well grounded, and impact grounding resistance acuities 30 Ω, all weak current into line with high voltage protection shall be in line. Lightning protection building to do grading ring and prevent sideswipe thunder protection. Grading ring from three layers of beginning, ring vertical distance between 12 m or less, all down lead, building of metal structure and metal equipment are reliable and ring connection, grading ring available within the ring beam structure of reinforced (bar must through into the loop). A kind of lightning protection building more than 30 m, 2 kinds of lightning protection building 45 m above, three types of lightning protection building sixty m above, to do prevent sideswipe thunder protection along the wall, building a level lightning belt, belt with vertical distance between 6 m or less, outside the wall all metal railing, doors and Windows are and lightning with reliable connection, lightning protection zone again with downlead of reliable connection. Vertical laying metal pipeline and metal with the top and bottom of the lightning protection device of reliable connection, the purpose is the same potential, and because both ends connected with the downlead form parallel line, make the lightning current more speed into the ground. Second, at present most buildings to adopt mon grounding device, when ray direct in the building lightning protection device, hypothesis through near the low voltage electrical device in the lightning current grounding device for twenty ka, when impact grounding resistance = 1 Ω, ground potential rise device for twenty kv, and general indoor low pressure device of impact resistance voltage up to 8 kv. The result is that low voltage electrical device insulation weaker place may be breakdown and cause a short circuit and fire, damage to the equipment, it is very dangerous. Therefore, in the design to give enough attention, the lightning protection building achieving allround, multilevel lightning protection work, make the lightning the influence of the building to the minimum. Building for high pressure into line, high and low voltage side of each phase are installed on the lightning arrester to protection is posed of high voltage into the line of the thunder and lightning and operation (circuit breaker action, for cutting big motor and capacitor group, etc.) overvoltage. Building for low pressure into the line, the total power supply into line installed in overvoltage protector. Three, lightning protection of buildings lightning protection classification The first kind of lightning protection building lightning protection measures: should be installed independent lightning rod or overhead ground wire, protected buildings and cap, diffuse pipe such outstanding roof objects are in joint ShanQi within the scope of protection. The second type of lightning protection building lightning protection measures: appropriate USES installed in the building of the lightning protection work (with) or lightning rod or by the blend position on the ShanQi. The third type of lightning protection building lightning protection measures: appropriate USES installed in the building of the lightning protection work (with) or lightning rod or by these two kinds of blend position on the ShanQi. The thunder and lightning prevention methods of resistance and drain two kinds, at present mainly USES the method is to release. Lightning protection system is consists of three parts of the leakage circuit, the joint ShanQi, downlead and earthing device of three parts. Its role is the lightning current drain National People39。s Congress, avoid direct lightning stroke caused by mechanical damage, electromagic force damage or destruction effect. For different lightning protection level of buildings, the lightning protection design, lightning protection system for the three parts requirements are different