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【正文】 eloped basic memory systems called mnemonics. The name is derived from their Goddess of memory Mnemosyne. In the ancient world, a trained memory was an immense asset, particularly in public life. There were no convenient devices for taking notes, and early Greek orators delivered long speeches with great accuracy because they learned the speeches using mnemonic systems. The Greeks discovered that human memory is largely an associative process that it works by linking things together. For example, think of an apple. The instant your brain registers the word apple, it recalls the shape, color, taste, smell and texture of that fruit. All these things are associated in your memory with the word apple. This means that any thought about a certain subject will often bring up more memories that are related to it. An example could be when you think about a lecture you have had. This could trigger a memory about what you39。re talking about through that lecture, which can then trigger another memory. Associations do not have to be logical. They just have to make a good link. An example given on a website I was looking at follows, Do you remember the shape of Austria? Canada? Belgium? Or Germany? Probably not. What about Italy though? If you remember the shape of Italy, it is because you have been told at some time that Italy is shaped like a boot. You made an association with something already known, the shape of a boot. And Italy shape could not be fotten once you had made the association. 20206 Section A 11. W: Did you use credit cards on your vacation last month in Europe? M: Sure I did. They certainly beat going around with a wallet full of big bills. But carrying lots of cash is still very mon among some older people traveling abroad. Q: What does the man say about some elderly people? 12. W: Rod must be in a bad mood today. What?s wrong with him? M: He was passed over in the selection process for the dean of the admissions office. He?d been hoping for the position for a long time. Q: What does the man mean? 13. M: What a great singer Justin is! His concert is just awesome. And you?ll never regret the money you paid for the ticket. W: Yeah. Judging by the amount of the applause, everyone was enjoying it. Q: What does the woman mean? 14. W: I received an yesterday from Henry. Do you remember? He was one of the chairpersons of our students union. M: Yes, but I haven?t heard from him for ages. Actually I?ve been out of touch with him since our first reunion after graduation. Q: What do we learn about the speakers? 15. M: Driving at night always makes me tired. Let?s stop for dinner. W: Fine. And let?s find a motel, so that we can get an early start tomorrow. Q: What will the speakers probably do? 16. W: Let?s look at the survey on consumer confidence we conducted last week. How reliable are these figures? M: They have a 5% margin of error Q: What are the speakers talking about? 17. W: Look at this catalogue, John. I think I want to get this red blouse. M: Err, I think you?ve already one like this in blue. Do you need every color in the rainbow? Q: What does the man mean? 18. W: This notice says that all the introductory marketing classes are closed. M: That can?t be true. There?s supposed to be 13 of them this semester. Q: What does the man mean? Conversation One M: I see on your resume that you worked as a manager of a store called “Computer Country”. Could you tell me a little more about your responsibilities there? W: Sure. I was responsible for overseeing about 30 employees. I did all of the ordering for the store, and I kept track of the inventory. M: What was the most difficult part of your job? W: Probably handling angry customers. We didn?t have them very often, but when we did, I needed to make sure they were well taken care of. After all, the customer is always right. M: That?s how we feel here too. How long did you work there? W: I was there for three and a half years. I left the pany last month. M: And why did you leave? W: My husband has been transferred to Boston. And I understand your pany has an opening there too. M: Yes, that?s right. We do. But the position won?t start until early next month. Would that be a problem for you? W: No, not at all. My husband?s new job doesn?t begin for a few weeks. So we thought we would spend some time driving to Boston and stop to see my parents. M: That sounds nice. So tell me, why are you interested in this particular position? W: I know that your pany has a great reputation, and a wonderful product. I?ve thought many times that I would like to be a part of it. When I heard about the opening in Boston, I jumped to the opportunity. M: Well I?m glad you did. 19. What was the woman?s previous job? 20. What does the woman say was the most difficult part of her job? 21. Why is the woman looking for a job in Boston? 22. When can the woman start to work if she gets the job? Conversation Two W: Today in the studio we have Alberto Cortez, the wellknown Brazilian advocate of the antiglobal movement. He?s here to talk about the recent report, stating that by 2050 Brazil will be the one ot the word?s wealthiest and most successful countries. Alberto, what do you say to the report? M: You know this isn?t the first time that people are saying Brazil will be a great economic power. The same thing was said over a hundred year ago. But it didn?t happen. W: Yes, but you must admit the world?s a very different place now. M: Of course. In fact I believe there?s maybe some truth in the prediction this time around. First of all, though, we must remember the problems facing Brazil at the moment. W: Such as…? M: There?s an enormous gap between the rich and the poor in this