【正文】
ure and death避免急性呼吸衰竭和死亡 of symptoms緩解癥狀 their breath after actuation of an MDI應(yīng)用定量吸入劑后屏氣潑尼松 tapering oral schedule逐漸減量口服治療方案 axis suppression下丘腦垂體腎上腺軸抑制 dyspnea呼吸困難加重162. increased sputum volume痰量增加 sputum purulence膿痰增加 Gram stain and culture痰染色劑培養(yǎng) bacterial colonization長期細菌定植 antimicrobial therapy經(jīng)驗性抗菌藥物治療 influenza流感嗜血桿菌168. Moraxella catarrhalis卡莫拉菌169. Streptococcus pneumoniae 肺炎鏈球菌. parainfluenzae副流感病毒 阿奇霉素克拉霉素173 second or thirdgeneration cephalosporin二、三代頭孢菌素多西環(huán)素–sulfamethoxazole磺胺甲惡唑阿莫西林 cephalosporins一代頭孢菌素紅霉素 pneumococci耐藥的肺炎球菌 H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis產(chǎn)β內(nèi)酰胺酶的副流感及卡莫拉菌 gramnegative organisms腸革蘭陰性菌阿莫西林/克拉維酸182. a fluoroquinolone with enhanced pneumococcal activity ( levofloxacin, gemifloxacin , or moxifloxacin )具有較強抗肺炎球菌的氟喹諾酮類/呼吸喹諾酮(左氧氟沙星、吉米沙星、莫西沙星) aeruginosa銅綠假單胞菌 fluoroquinolone with enhanced pneumococcaland P. aeruginosa activity ( levofloxacin ).具有較強抗肺炎鏈球菌且具有抗銅綠假單胞菌活性的氟喹諾酮類(左氧氟沙星) βlactamaseresistant penicillin with antipseudomonal activity耐β內(nèi)酰胺酶且具有抗假單胞菌活性的青霉素類 third or fourthgeneration cephalosporin with antipseudomonal activity具有抗假單胞菌的三、四代頭孢菌