【導(dǎo)讀】除了第一個(gè)題目例文是官方例文，其他例文都是北美范文中的例文。

　　

【正文】 weight of this interest should be determined on a casebycase basis. Perhaps an older building uniquely represents a bygone era, or once played a central role in the city39。s history as a municipal structure. Or perhaps the building once served as the home of a founding family or other significant historical figure, or as the location of an important historical event. Any of these scenarios might justify saving the building at the expense of the practical needs of the munity. On the other hand, if several older buildings represent the same historical era just as effectively, or if the building39。s history is an unremarkable one, then the historic value of the building might pale in parison to the value of a new structure that meets a pelling practical need. Also peting with a munity39。s utilitarian needs is the aesthetic and architectural value of the building itselfapart from historical events with which it might be associated. A building might be one of only a few that represents a certain architectural style. Or it might be especially beautiful, perhaps as a result of the craftsmanship and materials employed in its constructionwhich might be costprohibitive to replicate today. Even retrofitting the building to acmodate current needs might undermine its aesthetic as well as historic value, by altering its appearance and architectural integrity. Of cours e it is difficult to quantify aesthetic value and weigh it against utilitarian considerations. Yet planners should strive to account for aesthetic value noheless. In sum, whether to raze an older building in order to construct a new one should never be determined indiscriminately. Instead, planners should make such decisions on a casebycase basis, weighing the munity39。s practical needs against the building39。s historic and aesthetic value. 2 The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.： 170： WEIp261?5+非常重要的題目 The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people. The speaker claims that great advances in knowledge necessarily involve rejection of authority. To the extent that political authority impedes such advances, I agree with this claim. Otherwise, in my view most advances in knowledge actually embrace certain forms of authority, rather than rejecting authority out of hand. One striking example of how political authority can impede the advancement of knowledge involves what we know about the age and evolution of pla Earth. In earlier centuries the official Church of England called for a literal interpretation of the Bible, according to which the Earth39。s age is determined to be about 6,000 years. IfWestern thinkers had continued to yield to the ostensible authority of the Churc h, the fields of structural and historical geology would never have advanced beyond the blind acceptance of this contention as fact. A more modern example of how yielding to political authority can impede the advancement of knowledge involves the Sovi et Refusenik movement of the 1920s. During this time period the Soviet government attempted not only to control the direction and the goals of its scientists39。 research but also to distort the oute of that research. During the 1920s the Sovi et government quashed certain areas of scientific inquiry, destroyed entire research facilities and libraries, and caused the sudden disappearance of many scientists who were engaged in research that the state viewed as a potential threat to its power and authority. Not surprisingly, during this time period no significant advances in scientific knowledge occurred under the auspices of the Soviet government. However, given a political climate that facilitates free thought and honest intellectual inquiry, great advances in knowledge can be made by actually embracing certain forms of authority. A good example involves modern puter technology. Only by building on, or embracing, certain wellestablished laws of physics were engineers able to develop siliconbased semiconductor technology. Although new biotechnology research suggests that anic, biochemical processors will replace artificial semiconductors as the puters of the future, it would be inappropriate to characterize this leap in knowledge as a rejection of authority. In sum, to the extent that political authority imposes artificial constraints on knowledge, I agree that advances in knowledge might require rejection of authority. Otherwise, in my observation advances in knowledge more typically embrace and build on authoritative scientific principles and laws, and do not require the rejection of any type of authority. 75In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.： 161： p253 In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished. In general, I agree with the assertion that intense media scrutiny nearly always serves to diminish the reputation of society39。s wouldbe heroes, for the chief reason that it seems to be the nature of media to look for ways to demean public figures whether heroic or not. Moreover, while in isolated cases our socalled heroes have vindicated themselves and restored their reputations diminished by the media, in my observation these are exceptional cases to the general rule that once slandered, the reputation of any public figure, hero or otherwise, is forever tarnished. The chief reason why I generally agree with the statement has to do with the forces