【導(dǎo)讀】steelelectrodes炭鋼手工電弧焊條操作的典型方位及技能。和低合金鋼焊條的推薦電流范圍。GMAW和FCAW-G焊接中存在的機(jī)械問(wèn)題與修復(fù)。致的焊縫不連續(xù)的返修。5G＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊。6G＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊。6GR＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊。焊接位置—角焊縫（板）。等級(jí)平均熔敷效率端頭損耗。包括殘余部分的2in. 57%，由于焊渣、飛濺和煙的損失。Groove坡口Vertical-up立向上905-10Backhand反手。Fillet角焊Overhead仰臉30-455-10Backhand反手。對(duì)于重鐵粉藥皮的焊條

　　

【正文】 。實(shí)際焊縫要與規(guī)范或者規(guī)格書(shū)中要求的填角焊縫的凹凸度及坡口焊縫中的加強(qiáng)高來(lái)進(jìn)行比較 .下面是關(guān)于 AWS 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)焊接規(guī)范中的外觀成型 。 關(guān)于填角焊的 焊縫尺寸 可以使用焊接檢驗(yàn)尺來(lái)測(cè)量。 . 較好 的填角焊縫外形 可以接受的填角焊縫外形 NOTE: CONVEXITY . C. OF A WELD OR INDIVIDUAL SURFACE BEAD WITH DIMENSION W SHALL NOT EXCEED THE VALUE OF THE FOLLOWING TABLE: 注 :A 中的凸焊縫中尺寸 C 或 表面單道焊縫尺寸 W 不得超出下表規(guī)定值 : MAXIMUM CONVEXITY OF FILLET WELDS 最大凸度的角焊縫 WIDTH OF WELD FACE OR MAX CONVEXITY C INDIVIDYUAL SURFACE BEAD W 單道 /多道 焊縫表面寬度值 W 最大凸度 W＜ 5/16 in (8mm) 1/16in () W＞ 5/16 in TO W＜ 1 in(25mm) 1/8 in(3mm) W ＞ 1 in 3/16in(5mm) ( C ) UNACCEPTABLE FILLET WELD PROFILES 不可接受的填角焊縫外形 可接受的坡口對(duì)接焊縫的外形 NOTE: REINFORCEMENT R SHALL NO EXCEED 1/8 in (3mm) 注 :焊縫加強(qiáng)高不能超過(guò) 3mm 不可接受的坡口對(duì)接焊縫的外形 十六、 Fillet Weld Measurement 角焊縫的測(cè)量 How to use weld fillet gage 如何使用角焊縫尺 PLACEMENT 放置 BE CERTAIN BLADE EDGE IS SQUARE WITH WELDED PARTS 垂直靠近焊縫的邊緣 CONVEX WELDS 凸形焊縫 CONCAVE WELDS 凹形焊縫 FOR CONVEX WELDS : USE BLADE WITH SINGLE ARC AT APPROPRIATE SIZE , FOR CONCAVE WELDS : USE BLADE WITH DOUBLE ARC AT APPROPRIATE SIZE 凸形焊縫測(cè)量 :選用 一個(gè) 正確 尺寸的 有單弧的一邊 。凹形焊縫測(cè)量 :用一個(gè) 正確 尺寸的 有倆個(gè)弧的一邊 . 十七、 Dimensional considerations 尺寸的 測(cè)量 An important aspect of VT is the measurements for size geometry and assembly of welded structures .The manufacturing drawings will show the required lengths, thicknesses, diameters , etc, of the various ponents, as well as weld sizes. The inspector should determine the dimensional tolerances for each of the measurements specified and consider them during ponent measurement for conformance. If the tolerances are not stated the inspector should ask for clarification. Often these tolerances are noted as minimums, maximums ,or a dimensional range such as ―15001750 inches.‖ The inspector should also be aware that measurements can be given in the US. Customary units , or in the SI or metric 是 焊接結(jié)構(gòu)裝配的 尺寸測(cè)量 .在制造圖紙中給出了 一個(gè) 包括不同構(gòu)件在 長(zhǎng)度 ,厚度 ,直徑 ,等 方面的要求 .檢驗(yàn)員必須測(cè)量每一個(gè)指定尺寸 公差 并且考慮其 是否符合要求 .如果公差 未標(biāo)出 ,檢查員應(yīng)該要求說(shuō)明情況 .通常公差被標(biāo)注成最大 值 ,最小 值 ,或者 是一個(gè)尺寸范圍例如 ‖15001750inches.‖檢查員 需要明白度量單位制 ， 通常 可能以 美制度量單位 ,或者英制或者公制 給出。 Dimensional defects 尺寸缺陷 Incorrect joint preparation:不正確的接頭準(zhǔn)備 1. Incorrect joint peration subject to visual inspection, generally before welding is started. Includes outoftolerance welding bevel or groove dimensions, base metal misalignment, and undesirable weld joint fit up conditions. 在焊接開(kāi)始以前 依照 外觀 檢驗(yàn) 不正確的接頭 ,.包括焊接面或坡口尺寸的內(nèi)部公差 ,母材未對(duì)準(zhǔn)及焊接接頭組對(duì) 條件不符合要求 . 2. Included in the requirements for weld joint preparation shall be inspection for removal of scale, paint oil, etc. from the weld 準(zhǔn)備要求包括檢查去除接頭中的水污 ,油漆 ,等 3. Partial peration weld joint preparations shall be visually inspected prior to welding to assure proper weld throat dimensions 部分熔透焊接接頭 裝配 在焊接前 目視 檢查確保正確的焊喉尺寸 Incorrect weld size 不正 確的焊縫尺寸 1. Incorrect weld size subject to visual inspection inc ludes undersized fillet weld leg and underfilled groove weld throat 角焊縫的焊腳太小及坡口焊接中焊喉未填滿 . 2. Fillet weld size shall be determined by means of a fillet weld 角焊 縫尺的測(cè)量來(lái)確定 Incorrect final dimensions 最終尺寸錯(cuò)誤 Incorrect final dimensions subject to visual inspection include all conditions of dimensional inaccuracies, distortion, and lack of conformity to design 差 包括所有的尺寸錯(cuò)誤 ,變形 ,已 及 與設(shè)計(jì)要求不符 . 十八、 Proper care and handing of SMAW electrodes 正確的保管和發(fā)放 SMAW 焊條 To ensure satisfactory weld quality, it is important that the SMAW electrodes be handled and stored properly prior to use. The coatings of the electrode have been carefully designed to provide the necessary operating characteristics and weld properties required for each of the types of ,在使用前對(duì) 焊條合理的儲(chǔ)藏與 管理 非常重要 .焊條的藥皮是根據(jù)其具體的操作特性及 每一種型號(hào)焊條的要求來(lái)精心設(shè)計(jì)的 . The electrode coatings are subject to damage from improper handing and storage practices. The coatings can crack and may fall from the electrode core when experiencing impact loads. This condition can be the result of dropping the electrode packages during transportation of the materials to the job site or by hitting the packages with another object while in storage or during material movement. It is the responsibility of the welder to inspect the electrodes prior to use to ensure that the coating is intact and does not show indications of 理 與儲(chǔ)藏中遭到破壞 ,藥皮就可能開(kāi)裂并且在沖擊中脫落 .這種情況可能是由于材料在運(yùn)輸?shù)绞┕がF(xiàn)場(chǎng) 時(shí) 包裝脫 落 ,或者在儲(chǔ)運(yùn)期間 包裝 受到外力的碰撞 .焊工在使用焊條以前有責(zé)任檢查焊條藥皮確保完好無(wú)損 ,沒(méi)有損壞的跡象 . The electrode coatings are also hygroscopic, meaning that they are susceptible to absorbing moisture when exposed to the atmosphere. Moisture pickup in the coating can result in porosity, less than optimum are characteristics and hydrogen induced cracking. The electrodes can bee exposed or if the packaging bees damaged during shipping or 的 ,所以當(dāng) 焊條被暴露在潮濕的大氣中藥皮就會(huì)受到影響 .潮氣進(jìn)入藥皮會(huì)導(dǎo)致氣孔的出現(xiàn) ,降低操作特性 ,以及氫致裂紋 .在運(yùn)輸和 保管 過(guò)程中如果包裝破壞焊條就可能暴露 . It is the responsibility of the welders to protect the electrodes while in their possession. For example in foggy, misty and rainy weather or in conditions of high humidity, the electrodes should be kept in a closed container to prevent direct exposure of the materials to the weather conditions. It is also imperative that the electrodes not be kept or carried in the pockets of a welder, as exposure to perspiration or other body moisture may cause the coating to introduce excessive amounts of water into the 焊條 .比如在霧天 ,雨天及濕度很高的情況下焊條必須放到封閉的容器中以免之間暴露在露天的環(huán)境中 ..同時(shí)規(guī)定不允許焊工將焊條放在 衣 袋中 ,假如 焊條藥皮暴露在排汗或者其他有潮氣的部位可能導(dǎo)致更多的水分進(jìn)入到焊縫中 . The remendations contained in this pocket handbook represent good welding practices. Many welding codes have specifics requirements for handing electrodes and for the time of electrodes exposure in the atmosphere during the welding operation. The fabricator is responsible for ensuring that the necessary code requireme