【正文】 寬，net width；凈高 net height；凈斷面面積 net section area。2 Roadway excavation in rocks巖巷掘進(jìn)炮掘，爆破掘進(jìn)：blasting excavation裝巖，除渣：mucking掘進(jìn)工藝包括主要作業(yè)和輔助作業(yè)，其中主要作業(yè)包括破巖、裝巖、運(yùn)輸、支護(hù)，輔助作業(yè)包括通風(fēng)、鋪設(shè)軌道、挖掘排水溝、鋪設(shè)管線等等。The excavation technique consists of main operations including breaking, loading, haulage and support, and auxiliary work including ventilation, laying the track, digging ditches and laying pipes etc.1）Breaking 破巖打眼放炮是目前應(yīng)用最廣泛的破巖方法。Drilling and blasting is the most widely used method of rock breaking at present.（1）drillingDrill n. 鉆機(jī)氣動(dòng)輕型鉆機(jī)，風(fēng)鉆Airjackleg 氣腿式鉆機(jī)Airjack leg drill 架式鉆機(jī)Drifter 鉆車，鑿巖臺(tái)車 Jumbo, drill carriage濕式鉆進(jìn) Wet drilling干式鉆進(jìn) Dry drilling鉆孔 borehole（2）Blasting 爆破炸藥：Explosive裝藥：Load explosive in the borehole, charge起爆：detonate224。雷管：detonator；電雷管：electric detonator炮眼布置方式：drilling pattern掏槽眼：cut hole輔助眼：auxiliary hole周邊眼：trim hole頂眼：roof hole 幫眼：flank hole底眼：Bottom hole起爆順序：firing sequenceCut224。auxiliary224。roof amp。 flank224。bottomThe type of explosive used, rock properties, and method of loading and sequence of firing the holes, affect hole depth, diameter, alignment and spacing. 采用的炸藥的類型、巖石的特性、裝巖方法、各個(gè)鉆孔的起爆順序，這些都影響著鉆孔深度、直徑、排列和間距的確定。A blast round consists of cut, relief, breast, and trim holes.一個(gè)爆破炮眼組包括掏槽眼、輔助眼、壓眼和邊界眼。2）Excavation face ventilation 掘進(jìn)面通風(fēng)Fan 風(fēng)機(jī)Air pipe 風(fēng)筒3）loading and haulage 裝巖和運(yùn)輸鏟斗裝巖機(jī)Shovel mucker 耙斗裝巖機(jī)Scraper mucker 機(jī)車＋礦車Lootive ＋ wagons4）support 支護(hù)3 Roadway excavation in coals煤巷掘進(jìn)1）conventional excavation of coal drift 傳統(tǒng)的煤層平巷掘進(jìn)法Breaking is by means of drilling and blasting.手持式電鉆：handheld electric drillloading:hand loading 人工裝煤scraper mucker：耙斗裝煤機(jī)coal loader：裝煤機(jī)扒抓，蟹抓2 gatheringarms刮板輸送機(jī)：1 scraper conveyor2）綜掘 fully mechanized excavation（1）gateway machine 平巷掘進(jìn)機(jī)組成：掘進(jìn)頭，（boom） cutterhead，cutting head裝煤裝置：loading mechanism扒抓，蟹抓gatheringarm刮板輸送機(jī)：scraper conveyorhaulage：皮帶輸送機(jī)：belt stageloader mechanism履帶行走裝置：crawler travel mechanism支撐千斤頂：supporting cylinders，用來(lái)固定機(jī)器other cylinders，control cutterhead 液控箱hydraulic control box操作：操作時(shí)，首先驅(qū)動(dòng)履帶行走裝置，使得切削頭碰到煤壁；然后，伸長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)向千斤頂和后部千斤頂，支撐到巷道上；這樣就固定住了掘進(jìn)機(jī)。然后，切割頭在掘進(jìn)面底部的一側(cè)鉆入煤壁。操作水平擺動(dòng)千斤頂，使切割頭割到底部的另外一側(cè)，這就在掘進(jìn)面底部完成了一刀作業(yè)。操作升降千斤頂，使切割頭向上割一定距離（切割頭的直徑），然后用相同的方法再割第二刀。執(zhí)行這個(gè)循環(huán)作業(yè)，直到割完整個(gè)斷面。平巷掘進(jìn)機(jī)可以掘出任何形狀和尺寸的斷面，如圓形、馬蹄形、拱形和長(zhǎng)方形。Gateway machine can excavate any size and shape of cross section: circular, horseshoe, arched and rectangular.（2）continuous miner 連續(xù)采煤機(jī)roof bolter 錨桿安裝機(jī)，錨桿機(jī)。The roof bolter is a rubbertired vehicle used to drill and insert bolts into the roof to support it.錨桿機(jī)是一個(gè)用來(lái)打錨桿眼安裝錨桿來(lái)支護(hù)頂板的機(jī)器，它是用膠輪行走的。4 Roadway supporting 巷道支護(hù)永久性支護(hù)：permanent support臨時(shí)性支柱：temporary support剛性支護(hù)：rigid support柔性支護(hù)：yieldable support主動(dòng)支護(hù)：active support被動(dòng)支護(hù)：negetive support類型：（1）木支架：timber support梯形巷道：basic form：1 beam ＋ 2 posts基本形式：一梁二柱（2）鋼支架：steel rib support梯形巷道：1 beam ＋ 2 posts，工字鋼：Isteel拱形巷道：Usteel arch yieldable supportU形剛拱形可縮型支架（3）塊石或混凝土砌碹：stone or concrete lining直墻拱形：straightsided arch（4）錨桿支護(hù)bolting supportEnhance the selfsupporting capability of surrounding rock.提高了圍巖的自承能力。噴射混凝土：shotcreting錨噴：bolting and shotcreting錨網(wǎng)：bolting and metal mesh錨索：anchored cable錨注：bolting and injectingThe length of time the rock safely can be left unsupported will greatly effect the overall driftingoperation cycle.巖石開(kāi)挖后無(wú)支護(hù)而且安全的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度，即拱橋作用的時(shí)間，對(duì)于整個(gè)平巷掘進(jìn)工藝循環(huán)有著很大的影響。In some cases, no support is needed.In others, close support, or support ahead of the last set, is required.在一些情況下，不需要進(jìn)行巷道支護(hù)。其它的情況，需要及時(shí)支護(hù)，或者超前最后一個(gè)支架進(jìn)行支護(hù)。超前支護(hù)：Advancing support導(dǎo)管：Pipe spillingChapter 7 Novel mining methodsNovel mining methods新型采礦方法掘進(jìn) drive, tunnel, excavate巷道掘進(jìn) roadway excavation平巷掘進(jìn) n. drifting沉井，鑿井 n. sinking上山掘進(jìn) n. raisingTerm vt 稱為；把…叫做Warrant ,保證,理由,執(zhí)照。 vt. 向...保證,批準(zhǔn), 使有正當(dāng)理由Curiosity ,好奇心,珍品Auger mining 螺旋鉆開(kāi)采法Leaching 溶浸法；leach vt. 過(guò)濾borehole mining 鉆井采礦法oblivion , 湮沒(méi)on the verge of 接近于, 瀕臨于technology transfer 技術(shù)推廣,技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓Ramp。D 研發(fā)，研究和開(kāi)發(fā)Stoping，回采，采礦法Sublevel，分段Commodity ,礦產(chǎn)Viability [ 7vaiE5biliti ] , 發(fā)育能力Tie to 依靠，依賴synthetic fuel 人造燃料,合成燃料cartel 企業(yè)聯(lián)合，卡特爾intriguing , 有迷惑力的unconsolidated 未固結(jié)的，非膠結(jié)的，疏松的extraterrestrial adj. 地球外的untried 未試過(guò)的Nonetheless , 但是Deterrent [ di`tE:rEnt ] ,威脅力量Roadheader 巷道掘進(jìn)機(jī)Mole 隧道全斷面掘進(jìn)機(jī)TBM隧道掘進(jìn)機(jī)SBM井筒掘進(jìn)機(jī)Coin ，杜撰（新詞）Overbreak，overexcavate 超挖欠挖alignment ,準(zhǔn)線,校正，定位pilot hole 導(dǎo)向鉆孔，導(dǎo)洞in terms of 根據(jù)，在…方面