【正文】 from others cannot hope to achieve much. 一個(gè)不向別人學(xué)習(xí)的人是不能指望有多大成就的。（在定語從句中作主語） The engineers (whom / that) we met yesterday have worked out a new machine. 我們昨天碰到的那些工程師設(shè)計(jì)出了一種新的機(jī)器。（在定語從句中作賓語） It is a problem which needs very careful consideration. 這是一個(gè)需要非常認(rèn)真考慮的問題。（在定語從句中作主語） Madame Curie is a great scientist whose name is known all over the world. 居里夫人是一位世界聞名的大科學(xué)家。（在定語從句中作name的定語）We can never forget the day when Hong Kong returned to our homeland. 我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記香港回歸祖國(guó)的那一天。（在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語） The building where you used to live has been pulled down. 你過去曾住過的那棟大廈已經(jīng)被拆除了。（在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語） We know the reason why he was very angry. 我們知道他為什么非常生氣。（在定語從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞一般是reason）（3）只能用關(guān)系代詞that的情況：① 先行詞為all, anything, something等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that；. I have never taken anything that doesn’t belong to me. 我從未拿過不屬于我的任何東西。② 先行詞前有最高級(jí)形容詞及序數(shù)詞first, last, next, only等修飾詞時(shí)，只能用that。. He was one of the greatest scientists that ever lived. 他是有史以來最偉大的科學(xué)家之一。 He is the only one among us that knows English. 他是我們當(dāng)中唯一一個(gè)懂英語的人。（4）只能用關(guān)系代詞which的情況：① 定語從句前出現(xiàn)逗號(hào)時(shí)，只能用which引導(dǎo)；. I never met Mary again, which was a pity.② 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語且前面有介詞時(shí)，只能用which引導(dǎo)。. The music to which we listened last night was written by my father. 我們昨晚聽的那首曲子是我父親寫的。B．例題講解1）Did you notice the guy ______ head looked like a big potato?（《大學(xué)英語》（B）Test 1, 37）A. who B. which C. whose D. whom解析：此題中，the guy是先行詞，并且在定語從句中主語、謂語和賓語都不缺，只缺少名詞主語中head的定語，表示“那個(gè)家伙的頭看上去像個(gè)大馬鈴薯”，因此正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。2）While I was in the university, I learned taking a photo, _______ is very useful now for me.（《大學(xué)英語》（B）Test 4, 32） A. it B. which C. that D. what解析：此題是which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，而A和D是不能引導(dǎo)定語從句的，因此正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。3）It is the best _______ I have seen. （《大學(xué)英語》（B）Test 4, 42） A. that B. who C. whom D. which解析：先行詞為the best，是good的最高級(jí)形式；在定語從句中，先行詞為形容詞最高級(jí)或有最高級(jí)形容詞修飾詞時(shí)，只能用that，因此正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。4）Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of movies _______ bad for their mental development.（《大學(xué)英語》（B）Test 5, 38） A. that is B. which is C. as is D. what are解析：such能與as或that搭配，分別引導(dǎo)定語從句和狀語從句，因此排除B和D。在此題中，______ is bad for their mental development這句話中，缺少主語，因此該句為as…引導(dǎo)的定語從句，as代替kind of movies做定語從句中的主語，因此正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。5）The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was taken good care of in that remote village.（《大學(xué)英語》（B）Test 6, 42） A. when B. where C. that D. until解析：此題中，the hours為先行詞，表時(shí)間，而在從句中缺少的就是相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語，因此正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。3．狀語從句A. 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)用作狀語的從句稱為狀語從句。它主要用于修飾句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞，從各個(gè)方面來修飾、說明謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生時(shí)的各種情況。狀語從句的連接副詞有很多，比如：when（當(dāng)…時(shí)候）while（當(dāng)…時(shí)候）, as（正當(dāng)…時(shí)）, every time（每當(dāng)）, before（在…以前）, since（自…以來）, until / till（直到…）, hardly … when（剛…就…），because （因?yàn)椋? as（在..時(shí)候；像…一樣…；因?yàn)椤? since（既然），if（如果）, though（雖然）, as, than…等等。例句：（1）When she woke up, she found everybody had gone. 她醒來時(shí)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)大家都走了。（時(shí)間狀語從句）（2）Don’t try to get on the train until / till it stops.等火車停下來再上車。（時(shí)間狀語從句）（3）Wherever I go, I will bring an umbrella with me. 我不管到哪，都會(huì)帶上一把傘。（地點(diǎn)狀語從句）（4）He was worried because he hadn’t had any letter form his child. 他很著急，因?yàn)樗恢睕]有收到他孩子的信。（原因狀語從句）（5）I’ll ring him up at once so that he shouldn’t wait for me. 我馬上給他掛電話以便他別等我了。（結(jié)果狀語從句）（6）If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go to the country. 如果明天天氣晴朗，我們就到鄉(xiāng)下去。（條件狀語從句）（7）Although he is little, he is brave. 他人雖小，但很勇敢。（讓步狀語從句）（8）I admire and respect you more than everybody else (does). 我比其他的人都更欽佩和尊敬您。（比較狀語從句）B．例題講解1）No matter ______, the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely.（《大學(xué)英語》（B）Test 1, 45）A. it was snowing hard B. hard it was snowingC. how it was snowing hard D. how hard it was snowing解析：此題為“no matter＋疑問詞”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，因此可以排除A和B，而how疑問詞后面要接副詞或形容詞，因此正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。大學(xué)英語B級(jí)詞匯表——大學(xué)英語B級(jí)網(wǎng)考必備 大學(xué)英語B詞匯表Aa (an) . abandon ,遺棄about ,大約,關(guān)于above ,上述的…上方abroad ,海外absence ,缺席absolute ,絕對(duì)的absorb ,吸引abuse ,虐待,辱罵,虐待,辱罵academic ,理論的accept ,認(rèn)可,承認(rèn)acceptable ,合意的acceptance ,贊同access ,入門accident ,事故acmodation ,膳宿acpany ,伴奏according account ,帳目,說明,認(rèn)為accountant ,會(huì)計(jì)師accurate ,精確的accuse ,譴責(zé)ache achieve ,達(dá)到achievement ,功績(jī)acid ,諷刺的acknowledge ,答謝acquire ,學(xué)到across ,在對(duì)面,交叉act ,(戲劇的)幕,表演action ,行動(dòng)active activity ,行為actor ,行動(dòng)者actress actual ,真實(shí)的actually ,事實(shí)上adapt ,改編add ,做加法addition ,加法address , 致辭…致辭,演說administration ,行政部門adjust ,調(diào)節(jié)admire ,欽佩,羨慕admission ,供認(rèn)admit ,承認(rèn)adopt ,收養(yǎng)adult advance ,提前,提前advanced ,先進(jìn)的advantage ,有利條件advertise ,登廣告advertisement advertising advice ,建議advise ,建議adviser affair affect ,感動(dòng)afford ,供應(yīng)得起,afraid ,擔(dān)心Africa African after prep./…之后 afternoon ,下午afterwards ,后來地again ,再次,against ,反對(duì)age ,時(shí)代,上年紀(jì)aged agency ,中介agenda agent (商)aggressive ,侵略性的ago ,以往的agree ,一致,適合agreement ,一致,協(xié)議agriculture ,農(nóng)藝ahead adj./,向前aid ,援助,幫助Aids aim ,瞄準(zhǔn),打算air ,空中,使通風(fēng),aircraft airline airport alarm ,驚慌,警告album ,照相簿alcohol ,酒alcoholic alike ,相似的alive ,活潑的all adj./(地)allow , 承認(rèn)allowance ,允許ally ,支持者almost ,差不多alone adj./(地)along ,沿著already also ,同樣alter alternative although , 盡管altogether , 總而言之a(chǎn)lways ,永遠(yuǎn)am v./,在amaze amazing ambition ,雄心ambulance America American ,美洲的among …之中amount vi.(to) 總計(jì),等于analyse ,分解ancient and ,并anger angle n.[數(shù)]角,角落,追逐angry ,憤怒的animal anniversary announce ,通告announcement ,通告annoy ,騷擾annoying ,討厭的annual ,年刊another ,又一answer ,回答,答復(fù)說anxious ,渴望的any ,所有的,任何anybody anyone anything anyway ,總之a(chǎn)nywhere apart ,分別地apartment ,房間apologise apparent appeal ,呼吁,吸引力appear ,看來appearance ,外貌appetite ,欲望apple application ,應(yīng)用apply ,應(yīng)用appoint ,任命appointment ,指定appreciate ,感激approach approval ,批準(zhǔn)approve ,批準(zhǔn)April architecture , 建筑學(xué)are v./,在area n. 地區(qū),區(qū)域argue ,辯論argument ,論據(jù)arise ,發(fā)生arm ,武器army around prep./…周圍,四處arrange arrangement arrest vt