【正文】 的平均花費(fèi)。Many employees expect a yearly cost of living increase in their paychecks.很多雇員希望其工資的生活費(fèi)用部分每年都有增長(zhǎng)。 inflation ：輕度通貨膨脹The barely noticeable but persistent increase in prices.物價(jià)不斷上漲，但因漲幅很小而不為人注意。Creeping inflation continues to spread throughout the economy in the 1990s.90 年代輕度通貨膨脹一直波及經(jīng)濟(jì)生活 ：萎縮，下降A(chǔ) period of reduced business activity.經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)下降的時(shí)期。College students are not happy about the decline of job opportunities waiting for them when they graduate.大學(xué)生們對(duì)其畢業(yè)后就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的減少感到憂心忡忡。 ：赤字A budget imbalance in which expenditures exceed ine.支出超過收入的預(yù)算失衡Our pany ran a deficit for the first three years before we started to make any profit.我們公司在開始贏利前的頭三年中都是虧損經(jīng)營(yíng)。 ：通貨緊縮A decrease in the money supply, causing a sharp fall in prices.貨幣供應(yīng)的減少，導(dǎo)致物價(jià)的急劇下降。 Consumers are always motivated by deflation. 通貨緊縮往往能刺激消費(fèi)者的購(gòu)買欲。 ：需求The desire and ability of consumers to purchase goods and services.消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買商品和服務(wù)的能力。Marketers and advertisers are always looking for new ways to create demand for their client’s products.營(yíng)銷商和廣告商總是在尋找新的途徑以創(chuàng)造其客戶對(duì)產(chǎn)品的需求。 ：蕭條A severe, extended period of decline in business activity.商業(yè)活動(dòng)嚴(yán)重減少并且長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒有好轉(zhuǎn)。Many older Americans remember the great depression of the 1930s.許多上了年紀(jì)的美國(guó)人對(duì)三十年代的大蕭條仍記憶猶新。 ：撤消管制A gradual removal of government control over business.政府逐步撤消對(duì)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的控制。Most business and industries approve of deregulation from government control.大多數(shù)公司和產(chǎn)業(yè)贊成政府撤消管制。 ：商品流通The marketing of merchandising.商品的營(yíng)銷。If a product doesn’t have good distribution, it won’t sell.商品流通如果不暢就賣不出去。 ：經(jīng)營(yíng)多樣化The act of expanding business by increasing the number of goods produced or the number of services offered.通過增加產(chǎn)品品種和服務(wù)項(xiàng)目來擴(kuò)展經(jīng)營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)。Many fast food businesses are diversifying in an attempt to capture more customers form their petitors.許多快餐企業(yè)正實(shí)行經(jīng)營(yíng)多樣化，力圖從其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手手中奪取更多的顧客。 ：傾銷The act of selling goods below cost to other nations to eliminate surpluses or offset petition.以低于成本的價(jià)格向其他國(guó)家銷售產(chǎn)品以減少過剩產(chǎn)品，引發(fā)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。 The . has accused Japan of dumping minivans here in American. 美國(guó)控告日本在美國(guó)傾銷小型貨車。 ：經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)The study of wealth and its creation, distribution, and consumption.形容財(cái)富及其創(chuàng)造、分配和消費(fèi)的科學(xué)。 Susan is majoring in economics at Harvard. 蘇珊在哈佛攻讀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)。 ：經(jīng)濟(jì)The organization of social and political institutions and business for production.社會(huì)及政治機(jī)構(gòu)的組織以及以生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)為目的的企業(yè)組織。 National leaders must always worry about the state of the economy. 國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人必須一直為經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況操心。 500 ：《財(cái)富》500 家公司A list of the 500 largest American corporations published annually by “Fortune” magazine.由《財(cái)富》雜志每年公布的全美國(guó)最大的 500 家公司。 Who are the top 10 panies on the Fortune 500 list? 在《財(cái)富》500 家公司中，前 10 名是哪些？ ：經(jīng)銷權(quán)，連鎖店A contract or license permitting a regional distributor to use the name and sell products of another pany.地區(qū)分銷商得到其他公司的合同或許可證，有權(quán)使用其名稱并銷售其產(chǎn)品。Clancy is opening a new McDonald’s franchise in London.克蘭西在倫敦開了一家麥當(dāng)勞連鎖店。 ：凍結(jié)The fixing of some economic factor, such as prices, employment, spending, etc.停止一些經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的變動(dòng)，如價(jià)格、就業(yè)、開支等。 The government caused a price freeze at the gas pumps. 政府凍結(jié)了汽油泵的價(jià)格。 employment ：充分就業(yè)An economic condition in which unemployment is deemed minimal and acceptable, usually under six percent.失業(yè)率處于可接受的最小值，常常是６％以下的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)。The condition of full employment is something that most countries rarely achieve.充分就業(yè)是大多數(shù)國(guó)家很少取得的經(jīng)濟(jì)局面。 stock ：熱門股票A stock in a new or rapidly developing industry that tends to rise quickly in price.新興且發(fā)展迅速的產(chǎn)業(yè)所發(fā)行的股票，有迅速升值的趨勢(shì)。John specializes in buying glamour stock, particular in media, and entertainment panies.約翰專門購(gòu)買由傳媒、娛樂公司發(fā)行的熱門股票。 ceiling ：性別障礙，玻璃天花板A term used to describe an invisible barrier that prevents women from entering the ranks of seniorlevel management.指阻止女性進(jìn)入高級(jí)管理階層的一種無形障礙。 Many women in the 90s are protesting the glass ceiling that bars them form upper management in large corporation.90 年代，許多婦女抗議阻止她們進(jìn)入大公司高級(jí)管理階層的性別障礙。 economy ：全球經(jīng)濟(jì) Worldwide trade, travel, petition, etc. 世界范圍內(nèi)的貿(mào)易、旅游、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)等。Companies in the 1990s are thinking globally in order to stay petitive in the new global economy.為在新的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中保持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，90 年代的公司都從全球的角度考慮問題。 ：國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值A(chǔ)n abbr. For “gross national product.” The total annual monetary value of all goods, services, and products sold on markets of national economy.“gross national product” 的縮寫詞，指在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)市場(chǎng)上銷售的所有商品、服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品的年度貨幣總值。What was Japan’s GNP in 1987?1987 年日本的國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值是多少？ parachute ：高額離職補(bǔ)貼A substantial pensation given to top executives as a severance bonus when they are terminated from the positions in the event of a corporate merger or takeover. 在發(fā)生合并或兼并的情況下，公司高層行政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)離開其職位時(shí)所獲得的豐厚補(bǔ)償，作為高額離職補(bǔ)助金。CEOs typically receive a golden parachute when their panies are seized in a hostile takeover.公司被他方惡意接管時(shí)，通常情況下總裁們都會(huì)得到高額的離職補(bǔ)貼。 market ：灰色市場(chǎng)A market in which scare goods such as puter chips are traded at abovemarket prices through irregular channels or by methods not illegal but usually not considered ethical. 以高于正常市場(chǎng)價(jià)格來銷售稀缺商品如電腦芯片的市場(chǎng)。這種交易通常以非正常渠道進(jìn)行，手段雖不犯法但也不 被認(rèn)為是合乎道德的。Our pany is losing a lot of money to similar products being sold on the gray market.由于類似產(chǎn)品在灰色市場(chǎng)上銷售，我們公司損失很大。 ：綠票欺詐The purchase, usually in secret, of a large block of a pany’s stock, thereby signaling a possible takeover attempt, and ultimately forcing the pany to try to thwart the attempt by buying back its stock at a much higher price. 秘密購(gòu)買一公司的大部分股票，以此暗示可能進(jìn)行接管，最終迫使該公司為挫敗對(duì)方的企圖，不得不以高出很多 的價(jià)格買回股份。The ABC pany found themselves a victim of greenmail when they realized they had bought back their stock at a much higher price.當(dāng) ABC 公司以高得多的價(jià)格買回自己的股份時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)本公司成了綠票欺詐的受害者。 ：商場(chǎng)上的殺手锏，動(dòng)真格Slang for highly petitive or ruthless business practices.俚語(yǔ)，指生意上極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力或冷酷無情的做法。Our petitors are using tactics that indicate that they want to play hardball.我們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手所用的戰(zhàn)術(shù)表明他們要?jiǎng)诱娓窳恕?takeover ：敵意接管The act of taking control of a pany by buying up enough of its stock t gain a controlling interest.通過購(gòu)買足夠股份從而獲得控股權(quán)的辦法來接管一家公司。 Last year the small airline pany was bought up in a hostile takeover.去年這家小航空公司在一次敵意接管中被收購(gòu)。 ：高通脹Rapid inflatio