【正文】 織品的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用[J]。紡織服裝科技，2007，28(3)：212。附 錄【原文】Nonwovens are on the move The relatively young nonwovens industry has eastablished itselfe as a distint and viable entity. The image of the industry and functions of its products have undergone dramatic evolution. At first in the late 1930s , nonwovens were made by processes that were adapted to upgrade shoddy fibers to cheap textiles .As markets were developed, and producers became adept at matching properties to end uses, nonwovens were able to replace woven materialeand yet be cheap enough to be discarded after single or limited use ,the primary focus then was sanitary and medical products. Today ,nonwovens have a prestigious image in textiles ,with mumerous applications and distint properties, They are also used in nontraditonal textile applications such as vibration damping and battery separators in automobiles, thermal skins on space shuttle and durable maps. Composites, with special ponents such as carbon fibers and metallized coatings, are mon. Sophisticated machinery is required to make nonwovens economically and of uniform good quality .This ,in turn represents sizable capital investments. The industry is characterized by economy of scale and speed and an unwillingness to restrict itself to specific processes ,products and raw materials .It makes products at high speeds and as directly from materials as possible. Preformed fibre is not always a necessary starting material. For example, spunbond and meltblown fabics are made form molten polymer and films can be perforated to give fabiclike properties. Bamboo carbonization can be divided into four stages according to temperature and products situation in a kiln. The first stage is drying at a temperature below 120℃ and the speed of carbonization is kept slow. The water in bamboo evaporates at this temperature, and the chemical position of the bamboo is still intact. The second stage is precarbonisation. In this the temperature is kept in the range of 120℃ to 260℃ and there is a distinct chemical reaction in bamboo. The unstable chemical pounds begin to depose and carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are released. The third stage is carbonization. The temperature is in the range of 260℃ to 450℃, and the bamboo is deposed into liquid and gas products. Liquid products contain much acetic acid, methanol and bamboo tar. Flammable methane and ethylene in gas products are increase, while carbon dioxide production is reduced. The fourth stage is calcinations (refining stage). The temperature is maintained over 450℃. At this temperature the volatile substances are emitted, leaving behind the nonvolatile carbon. Based on the temperature in this stage, the bamboo charcoal can be divided into three groups (lowtemperature, middletemperature and hightemperature charcoal). The quality and properties of bamboo charcoal differ with different temperatures during the refining stage. The bamboo charcoal is cut into smaller pieces for further processes. Bamboo charcoal is sent for further processing and made into fine nanoparticles are added into cotton (rayon), polyester or nylon fiber.The vitality of nonwovens industry is reflected in its rapid volume growth . How did this growth e about? It was done by offering products for difined uses at cost advantages that could be approached by conventional textiles. Suppliers were quick to recognize the potential of these fabics. They established programs, geared to the needs of nonwovens producers ,to modify latex binders ,fibers and machinery. The nonwovens engineer was able to draw on a choice of fibers , fibre shape and size ,binders ane manufacturing processes. Bamboo can thrive naturally without the use of pesticides, as it is seldom eaten by pests or infected by pathogens. Scientists have found that bamboo contains a unique antibacterial and bacteriostatic bioagent named ‘bamboo kun’. This substance is maintained in the finished bamboo fabric, as it is bound tightly to the bamboo cellulose molecular structure. Bamboo fabric has excellent natural functions. It is both antibacterial and deodorizing in nature. Japan Textile Inspection Association found that, even after bamboo fabric had been washed fifty times, it still possessed excellent antibacterial and bacteriostatic functions. Its test results showed that over 70% of bacteria incubated on bamboo fibre fabric did not survive. Bamboo fiber’s natural antibacterial function differs greatly from that of chemical antimicrobials, which often tends to cause skin allergy when added to apparels.Many nonwovens products became firmly entrenched in marketplace. In some cases they became major markets. For example ,a 1951 patent cited a diaper with a woven absorbent liner. By the early sixties, disposable diapers, with nonwovens covers, began the remarkable march toward today’s market penetration of more than 85% as the single user of nonwoven. In surgical supplies, face masks, caps, and shoe covers are nearly nonwovens, surgical drapes and sowns continue to be accepted as studies support their cost effectiveness and their contribution to the decrease of postoperative infection. In 1974 the markets of geotextiles and reproofing did not exist. A decade later product values wre $100 million. Today they are $200 million and growing. Scientists and engineers in nonwovens have bee aware that their technology has grown toward a high level of scientific excellence and sophistication. Structures of nonwovens begin to be formed by processes that make sheets of loose fibers called webs. Fibers can be dispersed in air and assembled into a sheet (laid down) in a random array (air laid). They can also be laid down as a sheet in parallel array, after being bed (carding) to lie in the same direction (dry laid). Fibers can also be laid down from a suspension in water (wet laid). More recently, webs have been prepared directly from fibers that are formed from molten plastic im