【正文】 athletic and artistic merit scholarships.　　Academic merit scholarships are based on students’ grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be remended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. 　　Athletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel(突出)in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Remendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee(裁判). Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance.　　Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio(選輯)of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.　　1. With more and more lowine students pursuing higher education, a number of colleges are ________.　　A) offering students more meritbased aid B) revising their financial aid policies　　C) increasing the amount of financial aid D) changing their admission processes　　2. What did Allegheny College in Meadville do three years ago?　　A) It tried to implement a novel financial aid program.　　B) It added $ million to its needbased aid program.　　C) It phased out its meritbased scholarships altogether.　　D) It cuts its meritbased aid to help the needy students.　　3. The chief purpose of rankingsconscious colleges in offering merit aid is to ______.　　A) improve teaching quality B) boost their enrollments　　C) attract good students D) increase their revenues　　4. Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, believes ______.　　A) it doesn’t pay to spend $ 1 million a year to raise its ranking　　B) it gives students motivation to award academic achievements　　C) it’s illogical to use so much money on only 4% of its students　　D) it’s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition　　5. In recent years, meritbased aid has increased much faster than needbased aid due to ______.　　A) more government funding to colleges B) fierce petition among institutions　　C) the increasing number of top students D) schools’ improved financial situations　　6. What is the attitude of many private colleges toward merit aid, according to David Laird?　　A) They would like to see it reduced.　　B) They regard it as a necessary evil.　　C) They think it does more harm than good.　　D) They consider it unfair to middleclass families.　　7. Why doesn’t Allegheny College plan to drop merit aid entirely?　　A) Raising tuitions have made college unaffordable for middleclass families.　　B) With rising ines, fewer students are applying for needbased aid.　　C) Many students from middleine families have e to rely on it.　　D) Rising ines have disqualified many students for needbased aid.　　8. Annual renewal of academic merit scholarships depends on whether the recipients remain ______.　　9. Applicants for athletic merit scholarships need a remendation from a coach or a referee who ______ their exceptional athletic performance.　　10. Applicants for artistic merit scholarships must produce evidence to show their ______ in a particular artistic field　　Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)　　Section A　　In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a child’s language development than mothers, a new study suggests.　　Researchers 47 92 families form 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish ine, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of wellclass families, with married parents both living in the home.　　When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in freeplay sessions with both parents, 48 all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.　　The scientists measured the 49 number of utterance (話語(yǔ)) of the parents, the number of different words they used, the plexity of their sentences and other 50 of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked.　　Finally, the researchers 51 the children’s speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mother’s level of education, the 52 of child care and the number of different words the father used. 　　The researchers are 53 why the father’s speech, and not the mother’s, had an effect.　　“It’s well 54 that the mother’s language does have an impact,” said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It could be that the highfunctioning mothers in the study had 55 had a strong influence on their children’s speech development, Ms. Pancsofar said, “or it may be that mothers are 56 in a way we didn’t measure in the study.”　　A) already B) analyzed C) aspects D) characters E) contributing F) describing　　G) established H) quality I) quoted J) recording K) recruited L) total　　M) unconscious N) unsure O) yet Section B　　Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an AfricanAmerican woman. As the potential First Lady,