【正文】 tive practice. Others have noted this, making a similar point about the teaching profession39。s cultural inhibitions about reflective practice. Zeichner and Liston (1987) point out the inconsistency between the role of the teacher as a (reflective) professional decision maker and the more usual role of the teacher as a technician, putting into practice the ideas of others. More basic than the cultural issues is the matter of motivation. Being a reflective practitioner requires extra work (Jaworski, 1993) and has only vaguely defined goals with, perhaps, little initially perceivable reward and the threat of vulnerability. Few have directly questioned what might lead a teacher to want to bee reflective. Apparently, the most obvious reason for teachers to work toward reflective practice is that teacher educators think it is a good thing. There appear to be many unexplored matters about the motivation to reflectfor example, the value of externally motivated reflection as opposed to that of teachers who might reflect by habit. Paragraph 2: 1. The phrase at random in the passage is closest in meaning to 1. at random隨機(jī)，所以D的without definite pattern無固定模式正確，原句說spore能夠被風(fēng)搬運(yùn)到很遠(yuǎn)的地方，并且怎么樣散落到mountain flank，風(fēng)吹的東西明顯不可能很確定。A最后B很久C成功都沒有體現(xiàn)出風(fēng)搬運(yùn)的特點(diǎn)，錯(cuò)○finally○over a long period of time○successfully○without a definite pattern2. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the fungi in lichens benefit from their symbiotic relationship with algae in what way?2. 以lichen, fungus和algae做關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三句以后，說algae捕獲太陽能并儲存，而fungi從土壤中吸收礦物質(zhì)，滋養(yǎng)algae。問的是fungi如何受益，所以前半句是答案，A正確。B雖然提到sun，但不是保護(hù)，注意不要錯(cuò)選；C和D都沒說○The algae help the fungi meet some of their energy needs. ○The algae protect the fungi from the Sun39。s radiation.○The algae provide the fungi with greater space for absorbing water.○The fungi produce less waste in the presence of algae.3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 3. 原文說島上最早的生物是能夠symbiosis的，然后解釋了symbiosis。A說最早的symbiosis，原文說最早的生物，所以A偷換概念，錯(cuò)；原文說生物能symbiosis，然后才說symbiosis很重要，B遺漏信息，錯(cuò)；C正確；D完全改變了原文的結(jié)構(gòu)，錯(cuò)○Some of the earliest important examples of symbiosisthe close cooperation of two or more living thingsoccur in island munities. ○Symbiosisthe close cooperation of pairs or small groups of living organismsis especially important in these island environments.○The first organisms on these islands worked together closely in a relationship known as symbiosis, which is particularly important on islands.○It is significant to note that organisms in the beginning stages of the development of island life cannot survive without close cooperation.Paragraph 3: 4. The word abundantly in the passage is closest in meaning to 4. abundantly充足地，充分地，所以B的plentifully正確。原句說lichens加快了巖石的分解，怎么樣提供了巖石中的mineral，巖石分解了，巖石中的礦物會(huì)分散到土壤中，肯定就多了。A的occasionally說反；C和D完全不靠譜○occasionally○plentifully○usefully○fortunately5. The word propagate in the passage is closest in meaning to 5. propagate繁殖，推廣，所以multiply正確。原句說這些植物通過產(chǎn)生小的spore來干嘛，對spore的解釋是小的細(xì)胞，包含making a new plant的所有必要信息，從making a new plant看出是繁殖的意思，B出現(xiàn)C生存D進(jìn)化都不對 ○multiply ○emerge ○live ○evolve6. According to paragraph 3, what was the relationship between lichens and ferns in the development of plant life on Hawaii?6. 以lichen和fern做關(guān)鍵詞定位至前兩句，說lichen分解了巖石，準(zhǔn)備了富含礦物質(zhì)的土壤，接著其他的植物就來了，然后就出現(xiàn)了fern，所以lichen對fern的作用是提供適合生長的土壤，A正確。B錯(cuò)，原文說deposition的不是fern，是巖石；C和D都沒說 ○Ferns were able to grow because lichens created suitable soil. ○The deposition of ferns produced minerals that were used by lichens. ○Lichens and ferns peted to grow in the same rocky environments. ○Lichens and ferns were typically found together in volcanic areas.Paragraph 4 7. The word This in the passage refers to7. this指代之前的整個(gè)句子，就近原則看后半句，說另外一個(gè)flora在地球上進(jìn)化出來，冒號之后就是那個(gè)flora，所以后面的那個(gè)this應(yīng)該指的是這個(gè)flora的進(jìn)化，答案D。 ○the spread of ferns and mosses in Hawaii ○the creation of the Hawaiian Islands ○the evolution of ferns ○the development of plants that produce seeds 8. According to paragraph 4, why do seeds have a greater chance of survival than spores do? To receive credit, you must select TWO answer . 以chance of survival做關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四句，一開始就出現(xiàn)thus，而且問題問的是原因，所以往前看，前文說了兩個(gè)原因，第一個(gè)是有outer coating，第二個(gè)是有concentrated supply of nutrient，所以答案分別是B和C，其他兩個(gè)答案沒說 ○Seeds need less water to grow into a mature plant than spores do. ○Seeds do not need to rely on outside sources of nutrients. ○Seeds are better protected from environmental dangers than spores are. ○Seeds are heavier than spores and are therefore more likely to take root and grow.9. Why does the author mention a nut, a peach, and a cherry?9. 修辭目的題，這幾個(gè)詞所在的句子本身就是個(gè)例子，所以往前看，前一句說angiosperm的種子外面有一層種皮，緊接著就說有的外皮是硬的，比如blabla，有的外皮是軟的，比如blabla，也就是為了說外皮可以分為不同類別才舉的例子，所以D正確，其他的都沒說 ○To indicate that some seeds are less likely to survive than others ○To point out that many angiosperms can be eaten ○To provide examples of blooming plants ○To illustrate the variety of coverings among angiosperm seeds 10. The word dormant in the passage is closest in meaning to 10. dormant休眠的，睡眠的，靜止的，潛伏的，所以inactive正確。原句的前一句說這些特點(diǎn)使得種子更容易move到新的地點(diǎn)去，接著說能夠travel through air，float in water，既然是移到新地點(diǎn)，在到達(dá)新地點(diǎn)之前種子是不能發(fā)芽的，所以應(yīng)該不活躍。hidden看不見明顯不對，因?yàn)榍懊娌还苁窃诳諝膺€是在水里都能看見；在地下的話種子就沒法動(dòng)了，所以underground不對；preserved保存完全不靠譜 ○hidden ○inactive ○underground ○preservedParagraph 5: 11. According to paragraph 5, a major reason that coconuts can establish themselves in distant locations is that their seeds can11. 以coconut做關(guān)鍵詞定位至第一句，但這句話明顯與問題無關(guān)，只能往下看，而且distant location與原文第二句的ocean travel同義重合。說它們能夠生活在長期的immersion下，正確答案B，注意C雖然提到了saltwater，但maintenance和growth都沒說 ○survive long exposure to heat on island beaches ○float and survive for long periods in ocean water ○use