【正文】 osprey nest built in his garden, which included three shirts, a bath towel, and one arrow. Birds also display remarkable behavior in collecting building materials. Crows have 10 been seen to tear off stout green twigs, and sparrowhawks will dive purposefully onto a branch until it snaps and then hang upside down to break it off. Golden eagles, over (20) generations of work, construct enormous nests. One of these, examined after it had been dislodged by high winds, weighed almost two tons and included foundation branches almost two meters long. The carrying capacity of the eagles, however, is only relative to their size ant1 most birds are able to carry an extra load of just over twenty percent of their body weight. 11. The word obscure in line 1 is closest in meaning to (A) interesting (B) unclear (C) imperfect (D) plex 12. According to the passage, which of the following activities is characteristic of the early part of the reproductive cycle of birds? (A) Selecting a mate (B) Collecting nestbuilding materials (C) Playing with nestbuilding materials (D) Building a nest 13. The word display in line 17 is closest in meaning to (A) municate (B) imitate (C) initiate (D) exhibit 14. The novelist John Steinbeck is mentioned in line 14 because he (A) conducted a scientific study on the behavior of ospreys (B) was the first to describe where ospreys built their nests (C) described the materials ospreys can use to build their nests (D) pared the size of osprey nests with the nests of other species 15. Which of the following birds are mentioned as those that build nests that include unusual objects? (A) Ravens (B) Ospreys (C) Crows (D) Sparrowhawks 16. According to the passage, when gathering materials to build their nests, sparrowhawks do which of the following? (A) Hang upside down (B) Select only green twigs (C) Use objects blowing in the wind (D) Collect more branches than necessary 17. The word these in line 20 refers to (A) golden eagles (B) generations (C) winds (D) nests 18. The word load in line 23 is closest in meaning to (A) weight (B) number (C) section (D) level 19. The author mentions twenty percent in line 23 to indicate that (A) eagles are twenty percent bigger than most birds (B) twenty percent of all nests include foundation branches (C) the nests of eagles are twenty percent of larger than those of other birds (D) birds can carry twenty percent of their own weight 11 Questions 2030 A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, that provides information concerning how people think and act. In the United States, the bestknown surveys are the Gallup poll and the Harris poll. As anyone who watches the news during Line campaigns presidential knows, these polls have bee an important part of political life in (5) the United States. North Americans are familiar with the many person on the street? interviews on local television news shows. While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location. Thus, such samples can be biased in favor (10) of muters, middleclass shoppers, or factory workers, depending On which area the newspeople select. Second, television interviews tend to attract outgoing people who are willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel intimidated by a camera. A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely reflect a broad range of the population. (15) In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercise great care in the wording of questions. An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it. It must also be specific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting the results. Even questions that are less structured must be carefully phrased in order to elicit the type of information desired. Surveys can be indispensable sources of information, but (20) only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are worded accurately. There are two main forms of surveys: the interview and the questionnaire. Each of these forms of survey research has its advantages. An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire. In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written (25) questions and probe for a subject39。s underlying feelings and reasons. However, questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent. 20. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The history of surveys in North America (B) The principles of conducting surveys (C) Problems associated with interpreting surveys (D) The importance of polls in American political life 21. The word they in line 8 refers to (A) North Americans (B) news shows (C) interviews (D) opinions 22. According to the passage, the main disadvantage of persononthestreet interviews is that they (A) are not based on a representative sampling (B) are used only on television (C) are not carefully worded (D) reflect political opinions 23. The word precise in line 13 is closest in meaning to (A) planned (B) rational (C) required (D) accurate 24. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is most important for an effective survey? (A) A high number of respondents (B) Carefully worded questions (C) An interviewer39。s ability to measure respondents39。 feelings 12 (D) A sociologist who is able to interpret the results 25. The word exercise in line 15 is closest in meaning to (A) utilize (B) consider (C) de