【正文】 ad to be put off. 這么多同志都缺席了，所以會議只得延期。 We all went home, he remaining behind. 我們都回家了，只有他留在后 面。 Weather permitting, we will go for an outing next week. 如果天氣許可，我們下周去郊游。 The class (being) over, the teacher dismissed the students. 下課了，老師把學(xué)生打發(fā)走了。 The job done, we all went home. 工作完成之后，我們就都回家去了。 With the tree grown tall, we get more shade. 歲著樹的不斷長高 ，樹陰也越來越濃密了。 Everything taken into consideration, this plan seems to be more feasible. 把一切考慮在內(nèi)，這個(gè)計(jì)劃看起來可行。 They worked throughout the night with the lamp lighted. 他們挑燈夜戰(zhàn)。 2）賓語 第一類是有些動詞之后面只能使用動名詞做賓語。這些動詞有： admit（承認(rèn)），acknowledge, appreciate（感激） , avoid, consider, contemplate, delay, deny, detest, endure, enjoy, excuse, evade, face, finish, facilitate, fancy, favor, five, can’t help, imagine, include, involve, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practise, pardon, resent, resist, require, risk, stand, suggest, understand, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent … (from), keep … from, stop … （ from, protect … from, set about, be engaged in, spend … (in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like 等等。如： They haven’t finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我們必須阻止空氣被污染。 He is considering changing a job. 他正在考慮換個(gè)工作。 第二類是既能帶動名詞又能帶不定式作賓語的動詞： attempt, begin, cease, continue, dread, fet, hate, intend, like, neglect, omit, prefer, propose, remember, start, try. 具體使用情形請看下述詳細(xì)解釋： ① 在 begin, start, continue, like, hate, cease 等后可以使用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，無有區(qū)別。如： Will you continue gardening/to garden after dinner? 飯后你繼續(xù)干花園的活，好嗎？ She likes to be flattered/being flattered. 她喜歡別人奉承她。 ② need, want, require, deserve 等動詞表示 “需要，值得 ”時(shí)，有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)可以用：一是使用動名詞的主動式表被動；二是使用不定式的被動式。兩者沒有意義上的區(qū)別。如： The flowers want watering. = The flowers want to be watered. 花該澆水了。 My hair needs cutting. = My hair needs to be cut. 我的頭發(fā)該理了。 His performance deserves praising. = His performance deserves to be praised. 他的工作應(yīng)該受到表揚(yáng)。 ③ remember, fet, regret 等后面使用動詞不定式表示未發(fā)生的動作；而使用動名詞時(shí)表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作。如： I regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you employment. 我很遺憾地通知你我們無法安排你的就業(yè)。 I regret being unable to help you. 我很遺憾當(dāng)時(shí)未能幫你。 Don’t fet to post the letter on your way to work. 別忘了上班的路上把信寄走。 I fet posting the letter you gave me thins morning. 我忘了把你今天早上給我的信發(fā)走。 ④ try 后跟動名詞表示 “試一試 ”；和動詞不定式連用表示 “努力，試圖 ”。 This foreign guest tried writing with the Chinese brush. 這位外國客人試著用毛筆寫字。 He tried to cheat the old man out of his money. 他試圖騙這老頭的錢。 ⑤ mean, intend 后跟動名詞表示 “意味著 ”；接不定式表示 “打算 ”。如： Today, I intend to finish reading this book. 今天我打算讀完這本書。 What he said at the meeting means his going abroad next year. 他在會上說的意思是他要出國。 ⑥ prefer 后使用動名詞還是不定式有這么兩種情況：當(dāng)我們談?wù)撘话闱闆r時(shí)和當(dāng)我們說在兩種活動之間更喜歡哪一種的時(shí)候，一般使用動名詞；另一種是和不定式連用，一般用來引導(dǎo)另一個(gè)短語。如： Do you like swimming? Yes, but I prefer sailing. 你喜歡游泳嗎？ 當(dāng)然。但是我更喜歡駕駛帆船。 Can I give a lift? No, thanks, I would prefer to walk. 你順便坐我的車走好么？ 不用 了，謝謝！我喜歡步行。 I prefer reading to going shoping on weekends. 周末我喜歡讀點(diǎn)書，不喜歡逛街。 I would prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive/driving all the way to your mother’s. 我覺得與其開車跑那么遠(yuǎn)到你母親那里過周末，倒不如在家更好些。 ⑦ allow, advise, forbid, permit 等在沒有人做賓語的情況下接動名詞 ；如果有人做賓語時(shí)則用不定式。如： Sorry, we don’t allow smoking in the lecture room. 對不起，教室不準(zhǔn)抽煙。 We don’t allow people to smkoe here. 我們不許人們在這里抽煙。 I wouldn’t advise taking the car there’s nowhere to park. 我不建議開車去，因?yàn)闆]有停車的地方。 I wouldn’t advise you to take the car. 我勸你不要開車去。 第三類是帶 to 的短語。而實(shí)際上這個(gè) to 是介詞，如果不加區(qū)分，一律把它看作是動詞不定式的小品詞的話，很容易判斷失誤。這一類的短語主要有： attribute … to, owe … to, devote … to, contribute … to, be used to, be accustomed to, look forward to, pay attention to, object to, oppose to, in addition to 等。如： I am looking forward to hearing from her as soon as possible. 我在盼望著盡快收到她的來信。 He strongly opposed to traveling by air. 他強(qiáng)烈反對乘飛機(jī)。