【正文】 t out, both in theory and practice ? Main works: ? The True Patriot and the Liberty of Our Own Times, The Jacobite’s Journal, The Conventgarden Journal, ? Plays:The CoffeeHouse Politician咖啡屋政客 。 ? The Tragedy of Tragedies ? The Historical Register for the Year歷史記事長篇小說： ? Novels: The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of his friend Mr. Abraham Adams約瑟 安德魯傳 Written in Imitation of the Manner of Cervantes ? Pamela ? “Comic epic in prose” ? The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling湯姆 瓊斯 ? Don Quixote in England堂 吉訶德在英國 ? The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild the Great大偉人江奈生 魏爾德傳 。 2. His major works ? 1) Joseph Andrews ? In this novel, Joseph supposedly the young handsome amp。 chaste brother of Richardson39。s virtuous heroine Pamela, is tempted by his amorous mistress, supposedly aunt of Pamela39。s husband, Mr. B. Here, instead of being rewarded for his virtue, Joseph is turned out of doors by his mistress. But the burlesque ends here。 the book quickly turns into a great novel of the open road, a ic epic in prose, whose subject is the true ridiculous in human nature, as exposed in all its variety as Joseph amp。 the amiable quixotic parson journey homeward through the heart of England. The dominating qualities of the novel are its excellent characterportrayal, timely entrances amp。 exits, robustness of tone amp。hilarious, hearty humor. 2) The History of Jonathan Wild the Great ? It39。s a satiric biography that harks back to Fielding39。s early plays. It takes the life of a notorious reallife thief as a theme for demonstrating the petty division between a great rogue amp。 a great politician such as Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister. The ironical praises for the very qualities of the unscrupulous selfaggrandizement of wild point out the way the Prime Minister had achieved his greatness. The Great Man, properly considered, is no letter than a great gangster. 3. His achievement in English novel ? Fielding has been regarded by some as Father of the English Novel, for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel. Of all the eighteenthcentury novelists he was the first to set out, both in theory amp。 practice, to write specifically a ic epic in prose, the first to give the modern novel its structure amp。 style. ? Before him, the relating of a story in a novel was either in the epistolary form (a series of letters), as in Richardson39。s Pamela, or the picaresque form (adventurous wanderings) through the mouth of the principal character, as in Defoe39。s Robinson Crusoe, but Fielding adopted the thirdperson narration, in which the author bees the allknowing God. He thinks the thought of all his characters, so he is ableto present not only their external behaviors but also the internal workings of their minds. In planning his stories, he tries to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but at the same time keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of mon life as it is. 4. Characteristics of his language ? His language is easy, unlabored amp。 familiar, but extremely vivid amp。 vigorous. His sentences are always distinguished by logic amp。 rhythm, amp。 his structure carefully planned towards an inevitable ending. His works are also noted for lively, dramatic dialogues amp。 other theatrical devices such as suspense, coincidence amp。 unexpectedness. 5. Selected Reading An Excerpt from chapter VIII, Book Four of Tom Jones. ? Tom Jones, generally considered Fielding39。s masterpiece, brings its author the name of the Pose Homer. The panoramic view it provides of the 18th century English country amp。 city life with different places amp。 about 40 characters is unsurpassed. The language is one of clarity amp。 suppleness. And last of all, the plot construction is excellent. Its 18 books of epic form are divided into 3 sections, 6 books each, clearly marked out by the change of scenes: in the country, on the high way amp。 in London. By this, Fielding has indeed achieved his goal of writing a ic epic in prose. ? It is a good example of “ic epic in prose”. Fielding describes the fight between Molly and the villagers and her fistfight with Goody Brown in the grand style of the Homeric epic. He first of all calls on the Muses to assist him in recounting the fight as if it were of great historical importance. Like Homer who would list names of gods involved in the battle, he lists the names of the villagers. He treats Molly as a great hero at battle, an “Amazonian heroine”. Besides, he uses a mockepic tone and seems very solemn about what he is describing. He uses formal words and refined language. Finally, he makes use of different figures of speech, particularly, irony and hyperbole. V. Samuel Johnson ? 1. His life amp。 literary career Samuel Johnson, English writer, critic, amp。 lexicographer, born in Richfield, England, Sept. , and died in London. England, Dec, 13,1784. Samuel Johnson, monly called Dr. Johnson, was one of the greatest figures of 18thcentury English literature. He was an energetic amp。 versatile writer. He had a hand in all the different branches of literary activities. He was a poet, dramatist, prose romancer, biographer, essayist, critic, lexicographer amp。 publicist. 2. His major works ? Main works: ? The Vanity of Human Wishes ? A romance: The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia ? A tragedy: Irene ? Hundred essays: The Rambler and The Idler ? Lives of the Poets ? A Dictionary of the English Language英語大詞典 ? To the Right Honorable The Earl of Chesterfield 致切斯特菲爾德勛爵的信 3. His neoclassical literary outlook amp。style ? Samuel Johnson was the last great neoclassicist enlightener in the late 18th century. He was very much concerned wit