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【正文】 ions or remendations. Note: No new information。 all the main points should be in the body of the report. D Read the Introduction to Report A and the Conclusion to Report B on the opposite page. Extending skills 1 Why was the research undertaken? To find out the attitudes of ethnic minorities towards participating in clinical trials. 2 What are the elements of a good introduction and conclusion? D Read the Introduction to Report A and the Conclusion to Report B on the opposite page. Extending skills Good introduction Example sentences There has been much debate about the level of participation by ethnic minorities in clinical trials. It is important that ethnic minorities are adequately represented in clinical trials, as otherwise the result may not provide a true picture of the effectiveness and safety of the drug across the whole population. This report will describe a survey undertaken to examine the differences in perception of clinical trials between individuals from ethnic minorities and those from nonethnic minorities. Remendations will be made on how recruitment of volunteers among ethnic minorities can be improved. Introduce the topic. Give some background information. Say why the topic is important. Say what you will do in the report. Give a general statement of the purpose of the research. D Read the Introduction to Report A and the Conclusion to Report B on the opposite page. Extending skills Good conclusion Example sentences To conclude, it appears that the main problems in recruiting ethnic minority members are those which also affect the nohnic munity. For example, a considerable number may be unable to read English. The evidence suggests that cultural issues should be taken into account when obtaining consent from ethnic minority patients to participate in clinical trials. More emphasis should be put on facetoface discussion. Where possible, a qualified translator should be used and the family should be encouraged to ask questions. The underrepresentation of ethnic minorities in clinical trials is likely to continue if the implementation of these remendations is delayed. Speedy implementations should see the erosion of many of the identified barriers. Give a general summary/restatement of findings. Say what your remendations are. Set out the implications of not taking action. Comment on future possibilities if action is taken. A Describe the data in Figures 1 and 2. Extending skills A Describe the data in Figures 1 and 2. Extending skills Figure 1 An overwhelming majority of ethnic respondents (80%) felt that clinical trials were necessary for the development of new drugs, pared with 70% of nonethnic respondents. A significant minority (20%) of both ethnic and nonethnic respondents felt that clinical trials were not necessary. A very small minority, 10% of nonethnic respondents, had no opinion. A Describe the data in Figures 1 and 2. Extending skills Figure 2 An overwhelming majority (80%) of ethnic respondents said they agreed with the statement that new drugs were less likely to benefit members of ethnic minorities. A significant minority (20%) of nonethnic respondents agreed with them. A significant majority of nonethnic respondents (70%) disagreed with the statement, along with 20% of ethnic respondents. A small minority (10%) of nonethnic respondents had no opinion. B Look at the first paragraph from the Findings section of Report A. Extending skills 1 Complete the spaces with quantity phrases. Put the verbs in the correct tense. 2 Write another paragraph, using Figures 1 and 2. B Look at the first paragraph from the Findings section of Report A. Extending skills 1 Report A: Findings Firstly, a minority (30%) of ethnic respondents (state) stated that they were unlikely to agree to take part in a clinical trial if asked. In addition, the majority (60%) (say) said they were likely to agree and a small proportion (10%) had no opinion. The results from the nonethnic sample were similar. Finally, a significant majority (70%) (indicate) indicated that they were likely to participate, while a minority (30%) of nonethnic respondents (feel) felt it was unlikely they would want to be involved. B Look at the first paragraph from the Findings section of Report A. Extending skills 2 The survey also showed that in relation to understanding the need for clinical trials, the results were broadly similar. Firstly, an overwhelming majority of ethnic minority respondents (80%) felt that clinical trials were necessary for the development of new drugs. This pared with (70%) of nonethnic respondents. Secondly, a significant minority (20%) of both ethnic and nohnic respondents felt that clinical trials were not necessary. Finally, a very small minority (10%) of nonethnic respondents had no opinion. B Look at the first paragraph from the Findings section of Report A. Extending skills OR The question of whether new drugs were less likely to benefit members of ethnic minorities showed a very interesting difference between the two groups. Firstly, an overwhelming majority of ethnic respondents (80%) said they agreed with the statement. A significant minority (20%) of nohnic respondents agreed. In addition, a significant majority of nonethnic respondents (70%) disagreed with the statement, along with the remaining 20% of ethnic respondents. Finally, a small number (10%) of nonethnic respondents had no opinion. C Look at the Literature search notes on page 99. Extending skills 1 Rearrange the items in the Context column so they match with the issues. 2 Link each issue identified with the relevant ethical principles listed below. (There may be more than one answer.) ? autonomy ? beneficence ? justice