穩(wěn)定政策stabilizationpolicy-資料下載頁
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【導(dǎo)讀】衰退造成了成千上萬人的經(jīng)濟(jì)困境.總需求和總供給模型表明財(cái)政政。策和貨幣政策如何應(yīng)對沖擊來穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì).需要時間，認(rèn)識沖擊。減少與穩(wěn)定政策相關(guān)的時滯。宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)量模型:. 預(yù)測政策變化效果通常是利用歷史數(shù)據(jù)用模。Lucas指出，如果政策變化改變了預(yù)期，預(yù)。預(yù)測將不是有效的。TheLucasCritique指出，貨幣增長率提高。反應(yīng)，并承諾始終遵循這種宣布.擇看上去合適的政策.政治家的利益有時候并不和社會利益是一致。摧毀了政策制定者們的信用，因而減少了他
【正文】 of independence of central bank. 32 Inflation and Central Bank Independence In d ex o f c en t ra l b a n k i n d ep en d e n c eA v e r a g e in 189。 a t i on4 . 543 . 532 . 521 . 510 . 598765432S p a i nNe w Ze a l a n dIt a l yU n i t e d K i n g d o mD en m a r kA u s t r a l i aF r a n c e/ N o r w a y/ S we d e nJa p a nCa n a d aNe t h e r l a n d sB el g i u m U n i t e d S t a t e sS w i t z er l a n dG er m a n yAverage inflation Index of central bank independence 33 Chapter summary 1. Advocates of active policy believe: ? frequent shocks lead to unnecessary fluctuations in output and employment ? fiscal and moary policy can stabilize the economy 2. Advocates of passive policy believe: ? the long amp。 variable lags associated with moary and fiscal policy render them ineffective and possibly destabilizing ? inept policy increases volatility in output, employment 34 Chapter summary 3. Advocates of discretionary policy believe: ? discretion gives more flexibility to policymakers in responding to the unexpected 4. Advocates of policy rules believe: ? the political process cannot be trusted: politicians make policy mistakes or use policy for their own interests ? mitment to a fixed policy is necessary to avoid time inconsistency and maintain credibility 35
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