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基于單片機(jī)的電動轉(zhuǎn)向助力系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)畢業(yè)設(shè)計-資料下載頁

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【正文】 ed with the invention of power steering by the name of Charles F. Hammond an American, born in Detroit, who filed similar patents, the first of which was filed as recorded by the Canadian Intellectual Property Office. Chrysler Corporation introduced the first mercially available power steering system on the 1951 Chrysler Imperial under the name Hydraguide. Most new vehicles now have power steering, owing to the trends toward front wheel drive, greater vehicle mass, and wider tires, which all increase the required steering effort. Heavier vehicles as mon in some countries would be extremely difficult to maneuver at low speeds, while vehicles of lighter weight may not need power assisted steering at all Hydraulic systems A power steering fluid reservoir and pulley driven pump Most power steering systems work by using a hydraulic system to turn the vehicle39。s wheels. The hydraulic pressure is usually provided by a gerotor or rotary vane pump driven by the vehicle39。s engine. A doubleacting hydraulic cylinder applies a force to the steering gear, which in turn applies a torque to the steering axis of the roadwheels. The flow to the cylinder is controlled by valves operated by the steering wheel。 the more torque the driver applies to the steering wheel and the shaft it is attached to, the more fluid the valves allow through to the cylinder, and so the more force is applied to steer the wheels in the appropriate direction. 黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 28 One design for measuring the torque applied to the steering wheel is to fix a torsion bar to the end of the steering shaft. As the steering wheel rotates, so does the attached steering shaft, and so does the top end of the attached torsion bar. Since the torsion bar is relatively thin and flexible and the bottom end is not pletely free to rotate, the bar will soak up some of the torque。 the bottom end will not rotate as far as the top end. The difference in rotation between the top and bottom ends of the torsion bar can be used to control the valve that allows fluid to flow to the cylinder which provides steering assistance。 the greater the twist of the torsion bar, the more steering assistance will be provided. Since the pumps employed are of the positive displacement type, the flow rate they deliver is directly proportional to the speed of the engine. This means tha t at high engine speeds the steering would naturally operate faster than at low engine speeds. Because this would be undesirable, a restricting orifice and flow control valve are used to direct some of the pump39。s output back to the hydraulic reservoir at high engine speeds. A pressure relief valve is also used to prevent a dangerous buildup of pressure when the hydraulic cylinder39。s piston reaches the end of the cylinder. Some modern implementations also include an electronic pressure relief valve which can reduce the hydraulic pressure in the power steering lines as the vehicle39。s speed increases (this is known as variable assist power steering). DIRAVI In the DIRAVI system invented by Citro235。n, the force turning the wheels es from the car39。s high pressure hydraulic system and is always the same no matter what the road speed is. As the steering wheel is turned, the wheels are turned simultaneously to a corresponding angle by a hydraulic piston. In order to give some artificial steering feel, there is a separate hydraulically operated system that tries to turn the steering wheel back to centre position. The amount of pressure applied is proportional to road speed, so that at low speeds the steering is very light, and at high speeds it is very difficult to move more than a small amount from the centre position. As long as there is pressure in the car39。s hydraulic system, there is no mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the roadwheels. This system was first introduced 黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 29 in the Citro235。n SM in 1970, and was known as 39。VariPower39。 in the UK and 39。SpeedFeel39。 in the . While DIRAVI is not the mechanical template for all modern power steering arrangements, it did innovate the now mon benefit of speed adjustable steering. The force of the centering device increases as the car39。s road speed increases. Electrohydraulic systems Electrohydraulic power steering systems, sometimes abbreviated EHPS, and also sometimes called hybrid systems, use the same hydraulic assist technology as standard systems, but the hydraulic pressure is provided by a pump driven by an electric motor instead of being beltdriven by the engine. In 1965, Ford experimented with a fleet of wristtwist instant steering equipped Mercury Park Lanes that replaced the conventional large steering wheel with two 5inch (127 mm) rings, a fast 15:1 gear ratio, and an electric hydraulic pump in case the engine stalled. In 1994 Volkswagen produced the Mark 3 Golf Eatic, which utilized an electric pump so that the power steering could operate while the engine had been turned off by the puter to save systems can be found in some cars by Ford, Volkswagen, Audi, Peugeot, Citroen, SEAT, Skoda, Suzuki, Opel, MINI, Toyota, Honda, and Mazda. Servotronic Servotronic offers true speeddependent power steering, in which the amount of servo assist depends on road speed, and thus provides even more fort for the driver. The amount of power assist is greatest at low speeds, for example when parking the car. The greater assist makes it easier to maneuver the car. At higher speeds, an electronic sensing system gradually reduces the level of power assist. In this way, the driver can control the car even more precisely than with conventional power steering. Servotronic is used by a number of automakers, including Audi, BMW, Volkswagen, Volvo, and Porsche. Servotronic is a trademark of AM General Corp. 黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 30 附錄 C 歷史 已知最早的專利有關(guān)的動力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)是由
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