化工類外文翻譯---高爐煉鐵-化學(xué)工程-資料下載頁
2025-05-12 15:21本頁面
【導(dǎo)讀】高爐是一個(gè)巨大的內(nèi)部為耐火材料的剛爐，鐵礦石，焦炭和石灰石傾入爐頂，經(jīng)過物理化學(xué)反應(yīng)后轉(zhuǎn)換成的鐵水，既一種液態(tài)鐵的氧化。原材料在爐內(nèi)經(jīng)6至8小時(shí)降低到爐底部，得到的最終產(chǎn)品是液態(tài)渣鐵，炎。熱的空氣在爐底被吹上行在6至8秒到頂端后，將進(jìn)行各種化學(xué)反應(yīng)。啟動(dòng)，最少將連續(xù)運(yùn)行4到10年后，才將高爐熄火，進(jìn)行維護(hù)。在原料礦、球團(tuán)、燒結(jié)礦在高爐內(nèi)反應(yīng)后得到鐵礦石。原礦石來自于地表，其塊狀的大小為。此外，一些礦石鐵的含量較低必須進(jìn)行處理使其鐵。球團(tuán)礦是含有60％至65％鐵，它是一些低鐵含量的礦石，在被碾碎、爐和原礦在經(jīng)過焦炭熱融合形成成面積較大，尺寸從。將煤炭粉碎，磨成粉末，然后送入煉焦?fàn)t內(nèi)。焦炭能夠產(chǎn)生熱量與氣體，具有很高的能源價(jià)。焦炭立即發(fā)生反應(yīng)，同時(shí)產(chǎn)生熱量。高爐成為“熱風(fēng)”燃料。可釋放氣體，保護(hù)爐內(nèi)氣體的壓力，以防止?fàn)t內(nèi)氣體壓力突然激增。冷風(fēng)然后進(jìn)入先前已在加熱和爐耐火磚內(nèi)儲(chǔ)存的
【正文】 the downer . At the extreme top of the uptakes there are bleeder val ves which may release gas and protect the top of the furnace from sudden gas pressure surges. The gas descends in the downer to the dustcatcher, where coarse particles settle out, accumulate and are dumped into a railroad car or truck for disposal. The gas then flows through a Venturi Scrubber which removes the finer particles and finally into a gas cooler where water sprays reduce the temperature of the hot but clean gas. Some modern furnaces are equipped with a bined scrubber nd cooling unit. The cleaned and cooled gas is now ready for burning. The clean gas pipeline is directed to the hot blast stove . There are usually 3 or 4 cylindrical shaped 9 stoves in a line adjacent to the blast furnace. The gas is burned in the bottom of a stove and the heat rises and transfers to refractory brick inside the stove. The products of bustion flow through passages in these bricks, out of the stove into a high stack which is shared by all of the stoves. Large volumes of air, from 80,000 ft3/min to 230,000 ft3/min, are generated from a turbo blower and flow through the cold blast main up to the stoves. This cold blast then enters the stove that has been previously heated and the heat stored in the refractory brick inside the stove is transferred to the cold blast to form hot blast. The hot blast temperature can be from 1600176。F to 2300176。F depending on the stove design and condition. This heated air then exits the stove into the hot blast main which runs up to the furnace. There is a mixer line connecting the cold blast main to the hot blast main that is equipped with a valve used to control the blast temperature and keep it constant. The hot blast main enters into a doughnut shaped pipe that encircles the furnace, called the bustle pipe . From the bustle pipe, the hot blast is directed into the furnace through nozzles called tuyeres (pronounced tweers). These tuyeres are equally spaced around the circumference of the furnace. There may be fourteen tuyeres on a small blast furnace and forty tuyeres on a large blast furnace. These tuyeres are made of copper and are water cooled since the temperature directly in front of the them may be 3600176。F to 4200176。F. Oil, tar, natural gas, powdered coal and oxygen can also be injected into the furnace at tuyere level to bine with the coke to release additional energy which is necessary to increase productivity. The molten iron and slag drip past the tuyeres on the way o the furnace hearth which starts immediately below tuyere level. 3 Conclusion The blast furnace is the first step in producing steel from iron oxides. The first blast furnaces appeared in the 14th Century and produced one ton per day. Blast furnace equipment is in continuous evolution and modern, giant furnaces produce 13,000 tons per day. Even though equipment is improved and higher production rates can be achieved, the processes inside the blast furnace remain the same. Blast furnaces will survive into the next millenium because the larger, efficient furnaces can produce hot metal at costs petitive with other iron making technologies.
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