【導(dǎo)讀】*第十九篇TheFamily家庭。第十七篇EiffelIsanEyeful引人注目的埃菲爾鐵塔。*第三十篇“Lucky”LordLucan--AliveorDead幸運(yùn)的盧肯伯爵-是死是活。*第三十三篇OseolaMcCarty老婦人OseolaMcCarty

　　

【正文】 se to attribute to puters. One might read a restaurant guide in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to find a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and puters do not have business lunches. However， these physiological and social goals give rise to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find information about the name of a restaurant which serves the desired type of food， how expensive the restaurant is， the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to acquire information or knowledge, what we are calling learning goals. These goals can be held by puters too。 a puter might want to find out the location of a restaurant， and read a guide in order to do so in the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not arise out of hunger in the case of the puter， it might well arise out of the goal to learn more about restaurants. *第八篇 Look on The Bright Side 看光明的一面 Do you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always expected to be successful? Having someone around who always fears the worst isn’t really a lot of fun. We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says， INooks like rain. But if you catch yourself thinking such things， it39。s important to do something about it. You can change your view of life， according to psychologists. It only takes a little effort，and you39。ll find life more rewarding as a result. Optimism， they say， is partly about selfrespect and confidence but it39。s also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to offer. Optimists are more likely to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks. Upbringing is obviously very important in forming your attitude to the world. Some people are brought up to depend too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything goes wrong. Most optimists， on the other hand, have been brought up not to regard failure as the end of the world—they just get on with their lives. *第九篇 The First Bicycle 第一輛自行車 The history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791， Count de Sivrac delighted onlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his twowheeled invention， a machine called the celerifer233。. It was basically an enlarged version of a children’s toy which had been in use for many years. Sivrac39。s celerifer233。 had a wooden frame， made in the shape of a horse， which was mounted on a wheel at either end. To ride it， you sat on a small seat， just like a modem bicycle，and pushed hard against the ground with your legs—there were no pedals. It was impossible to steer a celerifer233。 and it had no brakes， but despite these problems the invention very much appealed to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were holding races up and down the streets. Minor injuries were mon as riders attempted a final burst of speed . Controlling the machine was difficult， as the only way to change direction was to pull up the front of the celerifer233。 and turn it round while the front wheel was spinning in the air. Celerifer233。s were not popular for long， however， as the bination of no springs， no steering and rough roads made riding them very unfortable. Even so， the wooden celerifer233。 was the origin of the modem bicycle. *第十篇 Working Mothers 職業(yè)母親 Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any longterm problems， pared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal view is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not ， there are a number of mothers who just have to work.. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot afford see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic necessity. Many mothers are not cut out to be fulltime parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant ， they feel trapped and isolated. There are a number of options when it es to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady across the street. In reality, however， many parents don39。t have any choice。 they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No matter how good the childcare may be， some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a perfectly normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months， but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family members. Make sure that in the first week you allow plenty of time to help your child settle in. All children are different. Some are independent， while others are more attached to their mothers. Remember that if you want to do the best for your children， it39。s not the quantity of time you spend with them， it39。s the quality that matters. 第六篇 Teaching and learning 教與學(xué) Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned with brief written ments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for learning the material assigned. When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to plete it with minimum guidance. It is the student39。s responsibility to find books, magazines, an