工程熱力學(xué)的歷史外文翻譯-資料下載頁(yè)
【導(dǎo)讀】狀態(tài)發(fā)生變化時(shí)，系統(tǒng)與外界相互作用的學(xué)科。之間相互轉(zhuǎn)換的規(guī)律及其應(yīng)用，是機(jī)械工程的重要基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科之一。高熱能利用率和熱功轉(zhuǎn)換效率?，F(xiàn)代工程熱力學(xué)還包括諸如燃燒等化學(xué)反應(yīng)過(guò)程，溶解吸收或解吸等物。理化學(xué)過(guò)程，這就又涉及化學(xué)熱力學(xué)方面的基本知識(shí)。觀現(xiàn)象和熱力過(guò)程進(jìn)行研究。的“熱質(zhì)說(shuō)”統(tǒng)治下，人們誤認(rèn)為物體的溫度高是由于儲(chǔ)存的“熱質(zhì)”數(shù)量多。1714年華氏溫標(biāo)和1742～1745年攝氏溫標(biāo)的建立，才使測(cè)溫有了公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1799年，英國(guó)人戴維用兩塊冰相互摩擦致使表面融化，這顯然無(wú)法由“熱質(zhì)說(shuō)”。1850年，焦耳的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果已使科學(xué)界徹底拋棄了“熱質(zhì)說(shuō)”。能量單位焦耳就是以。1850年和1851年，德國(guó)的克勞修斯和開(kāi)爾文先后提出了熱力學(xué)第二定。1850～1854年，克勞修斯根據(jù)卡諾定理提出并發(fā)展了熵的概念。繼取得迅速進(jìn)展。1906年，德國(guó)的能斯脫在觀察低溫現(xiàn)象和化學(xué)反。隨著對(duì)能源問(wèn)題的重視，人們對(duì)與節(jié)能有關(guān)的復(fù)合循環(huán)、新型的復(fù)合工質(zhì)的。研究發(fā)生了很大興趣。
【正文】 rdance with Carnot thermodynamic temperature scale. In 1850 and 1851, Germany and the Clausius Kelvin has made the second law of thermodynamics, and on this basis reprove theorems Kano. 1850 ~ 1854, according to Carnot theorem Clausius proposed and developed the concept of entropy. First law of thermodynamics and second law of recognition, for two types of perpetual motion machine make the impossible to realize the final conclusions of science, the official formation of the thermal theory of thermodynamics of macro phenomena. At the same time the formation of the Engineering Thermodynamics This technological sciences, it became the study of heat engine working principle of the theoretical foundation for the internal bustion engine, steam turbine, gas turbines and jet propulsion, etc. have to make rapid progress. At the same time, research in the application of thermodynamic theory of the nature of the course material, but also developed the mathematical theory of thermodynamics, the various substances found in nature to reflect the corresponding thermodynamic function was studied in the phasechange material, chemical reaction and the solution properties followed by a variety of laws. 1906, Germany Nernst observed phenomena and chemical reactions at low temperature found in heat theorem。 in 1912, the theorem is modified into the third law of thermodynamics expression. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, on the ultrahigh pressure, superheated steam and other physical properties, and very low temperature research to gain new achievements. With the issue of energy, and energy of the bined cycle, a new type of posite refrigerant great research interest.
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