項(xiàng)目管理合同法(ppt52)中英文版-項(xiàng)目管理-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-08-08 12:07本頁(yè)面
【導(dǎo)讀】隨著行為的進(jìn)一步惡化處罰的嚴(yán)肅性也增加。職業(yè)工程師執(zhí)照法(州). 職業(yè)的健康和安全法案(國(guó)家). 由諸如職業(yè)工程師協(xié)會(huì)組織創(chuàng)建.先例-一種建立在前一個(gè)類似案例的法庭宣判結(jié)果的法律原理?？赡軕?yīng)用于解釋無(wú)效合同中的免除條款.材料導(dǎo)致工廠被燒毀。合同中$2,300的有限責(zé)任被放棄，賠償。的根本性問(wèn)題）不能對(duì)違反條款方提供保護(hù)。合同法的目的在于為。因此，法律行為通常。具備法律效力的五個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素
【正文】 evious course of performance under the contract is admitted, what each of the parties does in pursuance of the contract will be interpreted as consistent with what the other does and with any relevant usage of trade and course of dealing and performance. 模糊條款 ? 6. 當(dāng)所用的語(yǔ)言具有多種意義時(shí)，將參照合同起草方對(duì)合同條款的解釋。 . ? 7. 當(dāng)在合同方之間存在貿(mào)易慣例或先前交易方面的證據(jù)，以前的履行方針是可以接受的，對(duì)合同任何一方為了達(dá)成合同所做的努力的解釋 ,將必須與合同另一方為達(dá)成合同所做的努力以及任何相關(guān)的貿(mào)易慣例和交易及履行方針保持一致。 Ambiguities ? In the above circumstances, express terms are given the greatest weight, followed by course of performance, course of dealing, and usage of trade, in that order. When considering custom and usage, a court will look at the customs and usage of trade of the particular business and the locale where the contract was made or is to be performed 模糊條款 ? 在上述情況下，明確化的術(shù)語(yǔ)將會(huì)被給予最重的分量，其次是 履行方針，交易方針， 和貿(mào)易慣例，應(yīng)該按照以上分量順序。當(dāng)考慮到習(xí)慣或慣例時(shí)，法庭將考慮簽訂合同或履行合同所在的相關(guān)特定商業(yè)領(lǐng)域和地區(qū)的貿(mào)易習(xí)慣和慣例 Contract Interpretation Principles ? Duty to Mitigate – A party that suffers a loss due to a breach of contract must take reasonable steps to reduce the amount of damages suffered ? Liquidated damages (Penalty Clauses) – Must be based on genuine preestimates of damages (Rule is to pensate, not punish) ? Quantum Meruit – When price is not an express term of the contract then amount is determined by as much as is reasonably deserved 合同解釋原理 ? 減少損失的責(zé)任 – 由于合同違約而遭受損失的合同方必須采取合理的行動(dòng)來(lái)減少所遭受損失的數(shù)量。 ? 清算損失 (懲罰條款 ) – 必須建立在真實(shí)的對(duì)損失的預(yù)先估算之上 (法律的目的是為了賠償，不是為了懲罰 ) ? 數(shù)量 Meruit – 當(dāng)價(jià)格不是合同中的一個(gè)明確表述的條款時(shí)，數(shù)量取決于其最高的合理價(jià)值。 Contract Interpretation Principles ? Specific Performance – To remedy a dispute, court may require a party to a contract to perform a contractual obligation. – Usually occurs in contracts concerning the sale of property ? Injunction – A court order that restrains or prohibits a party from the performance of some act. 合同解釋原理 ? 具體履行 – 為了解決糾紛，法庭可以要求合同中的一方履行合同所規(guī)定的某個(gè)義務(wù)。 – 通常情況下，這會(huì)發(fā)生在涉及財(cái)產(chǎn)銷售的合同中。 ? 禁令 – 法庭命令限制或禁止合同中的一方履行某個(gè)（些）行為。 Contract Example ? You work for a Californiabased engineering firm. Your employment contract stated that, for a period of 5 years after the termination of employment, you would not practise professional engineering anywhere within your city limits for 5 years. ? During your time with the firm you developed an excellent reputation and made some excellent business contacts. ? After 3 years you terminated your contract and opened your own consulting firm on the other side of the city. Your former firm sought to court action for an injunction, claiming that you had breached the employment contract. ? Do you think the judge should grant the injunction? 合同示例 ? 您為設(shè)在加州的一家工程公司工作。按照您的雇傭合同所述，合同解除之后的五年之內(nèi)，您不得在您所在的城市中的任何地方從事職業(yè)化的工程工作。 ? 在您為公司工作期間，您樹(shù)立了良好的聲譽(yù)并簽訂了一些非常優(yōu)秀的商業(yè)合同。 ? ３ 年后，您解除了與公司之間的雇傭合同并在城市的另一邊開(kāi)設(shè)了自己的咨詢公司。您以前的這個(gè)公司向法庭提起訴訟要求對(duì)您實(shí)行禁令，聲稱您違反了雇傭合同。 ? 您認(rèn)為法官會(huì)發(fā)布對(duì)您的禁令嗎？
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