【導(dǎo)讀】中國(guó)最大的管理資源中心。2020年TOEFL考試模擬題2

　　

【正文】 point is the author making by stating that farmers could carry nearly all their tools on their backs. (A) Farmers had few tools before the agricultural revolution. (B) People in the United States were traditionally selfreliant. (C) Life on the farm was extremely difficult. (D) New tools were designed to be portable. 中國(guó)最大的管理資源中心 (大量免費(fèi)資源共享 ) 第 12 頁(yè) 共 39 頁(yè) 7. When was the iron plow invented? (A)In 1790. (B) In the early 1800 s. (C) In 1869. (D) In the early 1900 s. 8. According to the passage, which of the following statements about Charles Newbold is true? (A) He was James Oliver s assistant. (B) He was born in Europe. (C) He was opposed to scientific agriculture. (D) He spent his own money to promote his invention. 9. The word it in line 12 refers to (A) scientific agriculture (B) James Oliver s invention (C) the castiron plow (D) Charles Newbold s fortune 10. Why did farmers reject Newbold s plow? (A) Their horses were frightened by it. (B) They preferred lighter tools. (C) It was too expensive. (D) They thought it would ruin the land. Questions 1l20 According to some scientists, migratory birds should be able to withstand the winter. A bird s feathery coat is good insulation against the cold. BECause a bird is warm blooded, its body temperature always remains constant, even if the temperature of its surroundings changes. The factors that trigger migratory behavior in birds are difficult to explain. This behavior seems to be instinctive, not learned. For example, many northern species leave their summer homes while the weather is still warm and the food supply plentiful. Young arctic terns born at the arctic breeding grounds will lake off with the flock for distant lands they have never seen. Bird migrations are probably regulated by the glandular system. Scientists suspect that the changing length of the day is the factor that triggers migratory behavior. In an experiment, migratory birds were kept in artificially lighted rooms. It was found that if periods of darkness were lengthened proportionately, the glands of the birds became active. These glands secrete hormones, which are chemicals that control numerous body functions. Shorter periods of daylight seem to change the hormone balance of birds, so 中國(guó)最大的管理資源中心 (大量免費(fèi)資源共享 ) 第 13 頁(yè) 共 39 頁(yè) that they retain more fat. This stored fat is the fuel that provides the energy for a long flight. The same experiment revealed that the birds became more excited as the artificial night was lengthened. It is probably no coincidence that most flocks begin their migratory flights during the night. 11. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Common migratory paths for birds (B) Why birds migrate (C) Species of birds that do not migrate (D) Migration in cold climates 12. The word withstand in line 1 is closest in meaning to (A) prefer (B) tolerate (C) regulate (D) understand 13. According to the passage, which of the following protects birds against cold weather? (A) Glands (B) Hormones (C) Feathers (D) Artificial light 14. The word constant in line 3 is closest in meaning to (A) invariable (B) persistent (C) predictable (D) responsive 15. The word its in line 3 refers to (A) temperature (B) cold (C) coat (D) bird 16. In lines 79, the author mentions young arctic terns as an example of birds that (A) do not migrate (B) breed during migration (C) migrate instinctively (D) adapt to the cold l7. The word they in line 16 refers to (A) glands (B) birds (C) body functions 中國(guó)最大的管理資源中心 (大量免費(fèi)資源共享 ) 第 14 頁(yè) 共 39 頁(yè) (D) hormones 18. According to the passage, birds exposed to longer periods of darkness experience all of the following changes EXCEPT (A) activated glands (B) excited behavior (C) retention of more fat (D) increased appetite 19. In the experiment mentioned in the passage, the scientists adjusted the birds (A) food supply (B) body temperatures (C) exposure to light (D) brain chemistry 20. Where in the passage does the author mention the substance that enables birds to fly long distances? (A) Lines 24 (B) Lines 57 (C) Lines 1011 (D) Lines 1617 Question 2130 There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics e from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering. and the taking of censuses all of which led to modern descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability. Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of data. These data may be quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade level variables that are characterized by an underlying continuum orthe data may represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or perso