工程中的微型計(jì)算機(jī)外文翻譯-其他專業(yè)-資料下載頁
2025-01-19 10:52本頁面
【導(dǎo)讀】之內(nèi)對(duì)于社會(huì)研究來說發(fā)揮了巨大的作用。直到19世紀(jì)80年代早期因?yàn)閮r(jià)。這個(gè)主意是明顯的因?yàn)槠渌脑?要的學(xué)習(xí)更多有關(guān)計(jì)算機(jī)的知識(shí)。計(jì)算機(jī)而要避免荒廢的技術(shù)。因，而且使用的主要方法是使用計(jì)算機(jī)。其他的書籍已經(jīng)在社會(huì)。編程的特性應(yīng)用。程設(shè)計(jì)的一場(chǎng)革命。在19世紀(jì)之初的工業(yè)革命宣。但除了少數(shù)例外，這些機(jī)器需要人的操作。其物理形式是非常簡(jiǎn)單可靠的，包括一些。通用元件，通過編程取得所需的系統(tǒng)功能。設(shè)計(jì)正確，是不易出問題的。算機(jī)已使用了幾十年。起來”形成了今天的電子工業(yè)。子工業(yè)的發(fā)展是計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。算器；這是包含一組齒輪傳動(dòng)輪的純機(jī)械裝置，使用熱離子管的全電子設(shè)計(jì)所取代。熱離子管的功耗和使用的不可靠限制了計(jì)。種工程部件來說，已足夠強(qiáng)大。統(tǒng)的總體可靠性的提高和裝配費(fèi)用的降低。用來診斷錯(cuò)誤的確切性。到此，微機(jī)看起來給了工程人員某些萬靈藥，這種錯(cuò)誤可能存在于電子硬件中，或者。常用的錯(cuò)誤查找技術(shù)和儀器，如示
【正文】 a reduction in assembly costs. The decrease in size which results from largescale integration means that equipment based on microputers is usually much smaller, lighter, and more robust than that using older technologies. Microputer can be made in large quantities because they are general purpose devices, and this leads to a much lower unit cost when pared with more conventional methods of producing system with similar plexity. This standardization can be extended to the printed circuits on which the integrated circuits are mounted, and very sophisticated microputer systems can be purchased as single printed circuit boards at quite reasonable cost. The 16 use of standard ponents also offers the possibility of standard test fixtures for use in fault diagnosis. It is the program which defines the function of a microputer based system and usually it is in this program that most of the system design is carried out. Many concepts which ate similar to the engineers are found in software engineering, such as the need for modular design and the need to design for testability and maintainability. In fact, the presence of a microputer in a system can case the problem of fault finding if the possibility of such faults has been anticipated by the designer, since the microputer may be used to provide diagnose the precise nature of the fault. However, time dependent faults are less easily detected, and may bee apparent only when the equipment has been operating for many hours. The microputer might appear at this point to have been presented as something of an engineer’s panacea, but unfortunately there are also some disadvantages which arise from using a microputer. The first is mainly of interest in purely electronic systems。 microputer logic is slower than hardwired electronic logic by a factor of perhaps 100. In many applications, for example those which have mechanical interfaces, this is not important because the 17 speed of response is limited by external factors rather than the speed of the microputer itself. The problem of fault finding in a malfunctioning microputer system is more serious. The fault could be in the electronic hardware, or it might be due to a programming error, and faults which involve interactions between hardware and software are especially inscrutable. Conventional faultfinding techniques and instruments such as oscilloscopes are frequently useless in such cases, but fortunately methods for locating and identifying faults have been developed. INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSORS 作者： Herbert Brunner 出版商： Reston publishing pany, inc.
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