工業(yè)設計外文翻譯----產品責任制為設計帶來的啟示-其他專業(yè)-資料下載頁
2025-01-19 10:49本頁面
【導讀】準的，而是根據使用者的需要進行設計的。滿足使用舒適性的構成要素；一理念，那么就會滿足使用者的需求。市場上對生產設施的可用性和它們的。沒確定，因此備件的應急使用能力對許多產品可能是至關重要的。者運動的大規(guī)模增長反映了消費者對產品以及服務的不滿。滿在安全方面，安全保障的缺失已經引起了法院和立法機關的重視，特別是在美國。重侵犯了他人的權益”。人發(fā)生和產品質量相關的事故。召回有問題的產品。亞最高法院的職責。在歐洲也發(fā)生了和美國一樣的事故。在20世紀70年代英國和歐洲各機構審議認為嚴格的產品責任制是侵權行為。1977年歐洲理事會舉辦了關于產品安全責任公約的簽字儀式。公約規(guī)定生產者要賠。約不同，依照現有規(guī)章制度，這個立案需要在1988年7月30日前通過立法審核。第1條規(guī)定：生產者應當承擔由于自己的產品缺陷所造成的損害。可小冊子中指出，有21%的事件是由于無效。的強制性的相關條例和相關公共標準。
【正文】 lated accidents and injuries indicates that some designers have not given safety its due prominence. A booklet[3] produced by Insurance Company of North America states that design and manufacturing defects were the most frequently alleged cause of liability suits (39 per cent and 37 per cent). But the booklet also notes that failure to warn defects were cited in 21 per cent of the cases. So in considering Fitness for Use the designer must pay attention not merely to the design quality but also to Quality of Conformance. When hazards can not be effectively designed out of products, appropriate warnings are an obvious requirement. In assessing defectiveness our courts will have to determine the safety to which a person is entitled to expect. In this assessment the court is required to take into account the presentation of the product, the use to which it could reasonably be expected that the product could be put and the time when the product was put into circulation. When defectiveness is determined in this fashion, it means that the definition of product must be revised to include: — the actual product, — labels, — packaging, — container, — installation/use instructions, — warranty documents, — sales brochures, — spare parts, — advertising material, — catalogues. If the producer wishes to avail of defence (b) in Article 7, evidence will be required to show that the defect did not exist at the time that the product was put into circulation. Defence (d) will require designers to be familiar with mandatory regulations or standards issued by the relevant public authorities. Defence (e) will require the designer to keep abreast of scientific and technical developments that are relevant to the product in question. Defence (0 will require the designer of a product used as a ponent to be sufficiently petent to be able to show that it was the design of the product in which the ponent was fitted or the instructions given by the manufacturer of the product that caused the damage. The American report Safety in the Market Place notes that for any product, the development and design activities prise the most fluid stage in its preparation for the market place. It is also one of the most important, for once performance specifications have been selected and the design has been mitted, it will dictate in large measure what processes, materials and quality control procedures will be required [4]. A design defect, unlike a production defect, affects all items p policies. roduced. A design defect may also nullify the shield of product liability insurance .
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