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單片機外文翻譯兩篇-單片機-資料下載頁

2025-01-19 07:58本頁面

【導讀】1. 8. 14. 17. SCMisnotonlyfar. choice.

  

【正文】 竟是什么呢?這種情況是不允許的,所以要通過控制線進行控制,使器件分時工作,任何時候只能有一個器件發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)(可以有多個器件同時接收)。器件的數(shù)據(jù)線也就被稱為數(shù)據(jù)總線,器件所有的控制線被稱為控制總線。在單片機內(nèi)部或者外部存儲器及其它器件中有存儲單元,這些存儲單元要被分配地址,才能使用,分配地址當然也是以電信號的形式給出的,由于存儲單元比較多,所以,用于地址分配的線也較多,這些線被稱為地址總線。 二、數(shù)據(jù)、地址、指令: 之所以將這三者放在一起,是因為這三者的本質(zhì)都是一樣的 —— 數(shù)字,或者說都 是一串‘ 0’和‘ 1’組成的序列。換言之,地址、指令也都是數(shù)據(jù)。指令:由單片機芯片的設計者規(guī)定的一種數(shù)字,它與我們常用的指令助記符有著嚴格的一一對應關(guān)系,不可以由單片機的開發(fā)者更改。地址:是尋找單片機內(nèi)部、外部的存儲單元、輸入輸出口的依據(jù),內(nèi)部單元的地址值已由芯片設計者規(guī)定好,不可更改,外部的單元可以由單片機開發(fā)者自行決定,但有一些地址單元是一定要有的(詳見程序的執(zhí)行過程)。 三、 P0 口、 P2 口和 P3 的第二功能用法: 初學時往往對 P0 口、 P2 口和 P3 口的第二功能用法迷惑不解,認為第二功能和原功能之間要有一 個切換的過程,或者說要有一條指令,事實上,各端口的第二功能完全是自動的,不需要用指令來轉(zhuǎn)換。如 、 分別是 WR、 RD 信號,當微片理機外接 RAM 或有外部 I/O 口時,它們被用作第二功能,不能作為通用I/O 口使用,只要一微處理機一執(zhí)行到 MOVX 指令,就會有相應的信號從 或 送出,不需要事先用指令說明。事實上‘不能作為通用 I/O 口使用’也并不是‘不能’而是(使用者)‘不會’將其作為通用 I/O 口使用。你完全可以在指令中按排一條 SETB 的指令,并且當單片機執(zhí)行到這條指令時,也會使 變?yōu)楦唠娖?,但使用者不會這么去做,因為這通常會導致系統(tǒng)的崩潰 。 四、程序的執(zhí)行過程: 單片機在通電復位后 8051 內(nèi)的程序計數(shù)器( PC)中的值為‘ 0000’,所以程序總是從‘ 0000’單元開始執(zhí)行,也就是說:在系統(tǒng)的 ROM 中一定要存在‘ 0000’這個單元,并且在‘ 0000’單元中存放的一定是一條指令。 五、堆棧: 堆棧是一個區(qū)域,是用來存放數(shù)據(jù)的,這個區(qū)域本身沒有任何特殊之處,就是內(nèi)部 RAM 的一部份,特殊的是它存放和取用數(shù)據(jù)的方式,即所謂的‘先進后出,后進先出’,并且堆棧有特殊的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸指令,即‘ PUSH’和‘ POP’,有一個特殊的專為其服務的單元,即堆棧指針 SP,每當執(zhí)一次 PUSH 指令時, SP 就(在原 來值的基礎上)自動加 1,每當執(zhí)行一次 POP 指令, SP 就(在原來值的基礎上)自動減 1。由于 SP 中的值可以用指令加以改變,所以只要在程序開始階段更改了 SP 的值,就可以把堆棧設置在規(guī)定的內(nèi)存單元中,如在程序開始時,用一條MOV SP, 5FH 指令,就時把堆棧設置在從內(nèi)存單元 60H 開始的單元中。一般程序的開頭總有這么一條設置堆棧指針的指令,因為開機時, SP 的初始值為 07H,這樣就使堆棧從 08H 單元開始往后,而 08H 到 1FH 這個區(qū)域正是 8031 的第二、三、四工作寄存器區(qū),經(jīng)常要被使用,這會造成數(shù)據(jù)的混亂。不同作者編寫程序時,初始化堆棧指令也不完全相同,這是作者的習慣問題。當設置好堆棧區(qū)后,并不意味著該區(qū)域成為一種專用內(nèi)存,它還是可以象普通內(nèi)存區(qū)域一樣使用,只是一般情況下編程者不會把它當成普通內(nèi)存用了。 第二章 DS18B20 資料 外文文獻 原文: DS18B20 Programmable Resolution 1Wire Digital Thermometer DS18B20 FEATURES Unique 1Wire interface requires only one Port pin for munication, requires no external ponents Each device has a unique 64bit serial code stored in an onboard ROM Can be powered form data line .Power supply range is ( 4) Measures temperatures form 55℃ to +125℃ , 177?!? accuracy from 10℃ to +85℃ ( 5) Thermometer resolution is userselected from 9 to 12 bits ( 6) Converts temperature to 12bit digital word in 750ms (max) ( 7) Alarm search mand identifies and addresses devices whose temperature is outside of programmed limits (temperature alarm condition) ( 8) Available in 8pin SOIC, and 3bin TO 92 packages DS18B20 BLOCK DIAFRAM 、 Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the DS18B20, The 64bite ROM stores the device’s serial code. The scratchpad memory contains the 2byte temperature egister that stores the digital output from the temperature sensor. In addition, the scratchpad provides access to the 1byte upper and lower alarm trigger register (TH and TL), and the 1byte configuratuion register. The configuration register allows the user to set the resolution of the temperaturetodigital conversion to 9, 10, 11 or 12 bits. The TH,TL and configuration registers are nonvolatile(EEPROM), so they will retain data when the device is powered down. Figure 1 block diagram of the DS18B20 DS18B20 ROM COMMANDS 、 SEARCH ROM [0F0H] When a system is initially powered up, the master must identify the ROM codes of all slave devices on the bus, which allows the master to determine the number of slaves and their device types. The master learns the ROM codes through a process of elimination that requires the master to perform a Search ROM cycle as many times as necessary to identify all of the slave’s 64bit ROM devices. READ ROM [55H] This mand can only be used when there is one slave on the bus. It allows the bus master to read the slave`64bit ROM code without using the Search ROM procedure. If this mand is used when there is more than one slave present on the bus, a data collision will occur when all the slaves attempt to respond at the same time. (3)MATCH ROM [55H] The match ROM mand followed by a 64bit ROM code sequence allows the bus master to address a specific DS18B20 on a multidrop or singledrop bus. Only the DS18B20 that exactly matches the 64bitROM code sequence will respond to the function mand issued by the master。 all other slaves on the bus will wait for a reset pulse. SKIP ROM [0CCH] The master can use this mand to address all devices on the bus simultaneously without sending out any ROM code information. Note that the Read Scratchpad mand can follow the Skip ROM mand only if there is a single slave device on the bus. In this case time is saved by allowing the master to read from the slave without sending the device’s 64bit ROM code. A Skip ROM mand followed by a Read Scratchpad mand will cause a data collision on the bus if there is more than one slave since multiple devices will attempt to transmit data simultaneously. ALARM SEARCH [0ECH] The operation of this mand is identical to the operation of the Search ROM mand except that only slaves with a set alarm flag will respond .This mand allows the master device to determine if anyDS18B20s experienced an alarm condition during the most recent temperature conversion .Refer to the OPERATIONALARM SIGNAING section for an explanation of alarm flag operation. CONVERTT [44H] This mand initiates a single temperature conversion. Following the conversion, the resulting thermal data is stored in the 2bute temperature register in the scratchpad memory and the DS18B20 returns to its lowpower idle state. If the device is being used in parasite power mode, within 10us after this mand is issued the master must enable a strong pullup on the 1Wire bus for the duration of the conversion as described in the POWERING THE DS18320 section. If the DS18B20 is powered by an external supply, the master can issue read time slots after the Convert T mand and the DS18B20 will respond by transmitting a 0 while the temperature conversion is in Progress and a 1 when the conversion is done. In parasite power mo
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