【導讀】）＋be動詞＋abook（pen?說明︰此句型意為“這（那）是什麼？這（那）是書（鋼筆?）”。what（什麼）叫做“疑問詞”，)，位置不可排錯。說明︰<主詞>與<動詞>的形式要一致，is後面接單數(shù)<名詞>，are後面要接複數(shù)<名詞>。疑問詞what除了詢問事物之外，還可。用於詢問“人的職業(yè)或身分”。be<動詞>隨<人稱代名詞>的變化而改變形態(tài)，如：Iam，weare，Sheisateacher.她是做什麼事情的？說明︰“my，your，his，her”為單數(shù)人稱的<所有格>；<所有格>後面必接<名詞>，即“<所有。格>＋<名詞>”；<所有格>不可與a，an，this，that，these或those緊接一起使用。他的名字叫約翰。說明︰Who是<疑問代名詞>，詢問人的“姓名”或“關(guān)係”；將<形容詞>直接放在<名詞>前面，叫做“前位修飾”。她在她的房間裡。到句首；改為大寫；句尾用問號。

　　

【正文】 的 had可置於 主詞 前面，而省略 If。 If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth. 如果我當時看見他，我會告訴他實情。 I could have finished the task if I had had more time. 如果當時我能有多一點時間，我就能完成這項任務(wù)。 If we had known of your departure, we would have seen you off at the airport. 如果我們事先知道你要離開，我們會到機場送行。 I someone had been with him, he might not have been drowned. 如果有人在他旁邊，或許他就不會溺死。 I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses. 若非我已經(jīng)習慣了這樣的回答，我可能不敢輕易相信。 Had he not apologize to her, she would not have fiven him. 她（那時）不會原諒他，若非他道了歉。 Had he not saved me, I might have been drowned. 我可能溺死了，若非他救了我。 Had I proposed to you, would you have married me? 我要是當年向你求婚，你會答應嫁給我嗎 ? Had you not helped us, we should have canceled this transaction. 假如沒有你的幫助，這筆 生意早就告吹了。 If I had Ved, I would ... 結(jié)構(gòu)︰ If? had＋過去分詞?，主詞＋ would／ should 等＋原形動詞＋ now／ today 說明︰這是 時態(tài) 不一致時的假設(shè) 句型 ，亦稱混合假設(shè)條件句。即： if 子句 若與過去事實相反，用 過去完成式 表示；而 主要子句 若與現(xiàn)在事實相反，則用過去式 助動詞 表示。此類 主要子句 句尾通常有表現(xiàn)在的 時間副詞 ，如 now， today 等。 If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now. 如果他年輕時多努力一點，現(xiàn)在就能過得舒服些。 If I had been rich ten years ago, I could buy that house today. 如果十年前我有錢，今天我就能買下那棟房子了。 Had he told the truth, he wouldn’t be punished ，現(xiàn)在就不會受罪了。 Had he followed the doctor’s advice, he might be alive now. 當時他要是聽了醫(yī)生的建議，現(xiàn)在可能還活著。 I wish ... + Ved ... 結(jié)構(gòu)︰ I wish＋（ that）＋主詞＋動詞過去式／過去完成式（ had＋過去分詞）? 中國最大的管理資源中心 第 12 頁 共 89 頁 說明︰ I wish 之後以 that 子句 為 受詞 時，該 子句 的 動詞 一定要用 假設(shè)語氣 ：若 動詞 用過去式，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的願望；若用 過去完成式 ，則表示與過去事實相反的願望。“ I wish＋ that子句 ”的 句型 也可用“ I would rather＋ that子句 ”取代。而 I hope 之後以 that 子句 做 受詞 時，該 子句 用一般 時態(tài) 。 I wish there were meadows and lambs. 但願有草地與小羊。 I wish I were as tall as you. 但願我像你一樣高。 I wish he could tell us. 但願他能告訴我們。 I wish (=I would rather) he could e tomorrow. 但願他明天能來。 I wish you had not been caught in the rain yesterday. 但願昨天你們沒有淋到雨。 I wish you had not told the truth. 但願你沒有說實話。 I wish I had known you ten years ago. 真希望十年前就已經(jīng)認識你。 If only + Ved 結(jié)構(gòu)︰ If only＋過去式／過去完成式 說明︰此句型意為“要是?就好了?！庇眠^去式，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相 反；若用 過去完成式 ，則表示與過去事實相反。 If only I had a rich father. 要是我有個有錢的爸爸就好了。 If only he had been here. 要是他當時在這兒就好了。 If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次機會就好了。 ... as if/as though ... 結(jié)構(gòu)︰? as if／ as though?現(xiàn)在式／過去式／過去完成式 說明︰此句型意為“彷彿?；好像?一樣”。 as if， as though 是 副詞 連接詞 ，引導 副詞子句 。 子句 中，可用現(xiàn)在式，以表示事實；也可用過去式或 過去完成式 ，分別表示與現(xiàn)在或過去事實相反的 假設(shè)語氣 。 He speaks like that as if he doesn’t want to attend the ，似乎不想?yún)⒓訒h。 He walks as if he is drunk. 他走起路來好像他真的醉了。 He felt as if he almost wished to kill them. 他感覺彷彿幾乎要殺掉他們。 The baby opened the book as if he were able to read. 這個嬰兒打開書本彷彿他會念書。 The nurse attends on the patient as if he were her father. 這護士照顧這位病人彷彿在照顧她爸爸似的。 He ran into the room as if he had seen something terrible. 他跑進屋子，彷彿 他看到什麼可怕的東西。 She looks as if nothing had happened to her. 她當時看起來好像什麼事都沒發(fā)生似的。 It seems/looks as if ... 結(jié)構(gòu)︰ It seems／ looks as if? 說明︰此句型意為“似乎?”。本句型中的 as if 子句 可用以表示事實，或 假設(shè)語氣 。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。 It seems as if he knows everything. 他似乎是個萬事通。 It seems as if he knew everything, but in reality, he is as stupid as can be. 他似乎是個萬事通。其實他是再愚蠢不過了。 It looks as if she had just e back from outer space. 她看起來彷彿剛從外太空回來似的。 It seemed as if he had finished the work. 他似乎已經(jīng)完成了這個工作。 It seemed as if he would never finish the work. 他似乎永遠完成不了這個工作。 If it were not for ... 中國最大的管理資源中心 第 13 頁 共 89 頁 結(jié)構(gòu)︰ if it were not for＋名詞／子句，主詞＋ would／ should 等＋原形動詞? 說明︰此句型意為“若非（有）?”。此類句構(gòu)專門用於表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的 假設(shè)語氣 。亦可用“ but for＋ 名詞 ”或“ without＋ 名詞 ”代替。 were 可以提前，省略 if，如 例句 3。 If it were not for his presence, I would punish you. 要不是他在場，我會處罰你的。 But for your advice, I should have failed. 要不是你的忠告，我會失敗的。 But for music (=Were it not for music), life would be dull. 要不是音樂，人生會很無聊。 If it were not for oxygen and nitrogen in the air, no man could live on the earth. 大氣中如果沒有氧和氮，人就無法生存於地球了。 Without air, all living things would die. 若非空氣，所有的生物都會死亡。 Without newspaper, we would get behind the times. 要不是報紙，我們都趕不上時代了。 I should be lonely, were it not for the birds and the flowers. 我會寂寞，若非有鳥也有花。 Were it not for his help, I could not finish the ，我就不能完成這件工作。 Were it not for science, we could not live a fortable live. 若非科學，我們無法過著舒適的生活。 If it had not been for ... 結(jié)構(gòu)︰ if it had not been for＋名詞／子句，主詞＋ would／ should 等＋原形動詞? 說明︰此句型意為“若非（有）?”。此類句構(gòu)專門用於表示與過去事實相反的 假設(shè)語氣 。 If it had not been for his help, I should have failed. 如果沒有他的幫忙，我應該已經(jīng)失敗。 Had it not been for your timely help, our pany would have been on the verge of bankruptcy. 若 非你及時伸出援助之手，本公司將會瀕臨破產(chǎn)的邊緣。 If it had not been for these experiments, the improvement of the machine would have been impossible. 要不是這些實驗，這部機器也許就不可能改良了。 Had it not been for the kind guide, I might have got lost in the mountains. 要不是這位好心的嚮導，我可能就在 山中迷路了。 If it had not been that he was here, I would have punished you. 要不是他在場，我當時就會處罰你。 I demand/insist that ... 結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞 1＋意志動詞（ demand／ insist 等）＋（ that）＋主詞 2＋（ should）＋原形動詞 說明︰意志 動詞 有四類：建議（ suggest， remend， propose， advise， urge 等），要求（ desire， ask， demand， require， request， maintain， insist 等），命令（ order， mand 等），規(guī)定（ rule，regul