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定語,修飾前面的名詞或代詞。如果名詞或代詞與后面的分詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,用v.173。ing形式;如果是動賓關(guān)系,則用v.173。ed形式。①There_are_many_students_playing on the playground.很多學(xué)生在操場上玩。②Laura was away in Paris for over a she got home, there_was_a_pile_of_mail_waiting for her.勞拉在巴黎呆了一個多星期。當(dāng)她到家時,有一堆郵件等著她。③There_is_nothing_left for us to do.沒有什么事留給我們做。 5Thinking_about_other_people39。s_situations inspired me to offer help.(教材P28)一想到其他人的處境就激勵著我提供幫助。剖析句中Thinking about other people39。s situations是v.173。ing短語作主語。歸納拓展(1)v.173。ing短語作主語多表示一般性的、抽象的動作或狀態(tài)。單個的v.173。ing短語作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。(2)v.173。ing短語作主語時用作形式主語的常見句型:It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time doing sth. 做某事沒有用/沒有好處/有趣/浪費時間。It is useless/worthwhile/nice/good/interesting doing sth. 做某事沒有用/值得/好/有趣。(3)v.173。ing短語作主語時,如果要突出v.173。ing短語動作的執(zhí)行者,要在v.173。ing短語前加上其邏輯主語,這個邏輯主語要用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞,不能用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓格。①Having_a_balanced_diet is very important.均衡飲食非常重要。②It_is_no_use_worrying about it.為這事?lián)臒o濟于事。③Rose39。s_ing won39。t be of much help.Rose的到來不會有很大的幫助。 6She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use puters and the Internet.(教材P28)她被從網(wǎng)上認(rèn)識的人鼓勵,由此決定開設(shè)一個IT俱樂部去教年紀(jì)大的人們?nèi)绾问褂秒娔X和上網(wǎng)。剖析so ... that ...意為“如此……以至于……”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,so后通常跟形容詞或副詞。歸納拓展so++that從句①Wang Peng is so_crazy_about_football_that he spends nearly all of his spare time playing football.王鵬對足球如此癡迷以至于他幾乎把所有的空閑時間都用來踢足球。②There were so_few_guests_that the host felt very sad.賓客如此少,主人感到很傷心。③He makes so_little_money_every_month_that he has to live a simple life.他每月就掙那么點兒錢,不得不過儉樸的生活。名師點津 在so ... that ...結(jié)構(gòu)中,若將so+adj./adv. 置于句首,則其所在的主句要用部分倒裝,that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句不倒裝。 7now that 既然;由于(教材P28)歸納拓展(1)now that(既然)的用法: now that引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,同since相似,語氣較弱,強調(diào)人們已知的事實。that可省略。(2)as意為“因為、由于”,語氣比because弱,所引導(dǎo)的從句表示的是不言而喻、顯而易見的原因和理由,其從句一般放在主句前。(3)since(既然)語氣較弱,強調(diào)已知的事實。(4)for(因為)的用法: for是并列連詞,表示推斷的原因,或?qū)η耙环志溲a充說明理由。(5)because通常表示直接的原因。because引導(dǎo)的從句表示直接而明確的原因和理由,表示按因果關(guān)系的推斷,語氣很強,用來回答why的問題, 一般位于主句之后。①Now_that you are a college student, you should learn to be independent of your parents39。 help.既然你已是個大學(xué)生了,就應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)著獨立,不靠父母的幫助。②As this question is of great interest, we will discuss it once again. 因為這個問題很有意義,所以我們將會再討論一次。③Since you can39。t answer the question, I39。ll ask someone else.既然你回答不出這個問題,我就問別人了。④It must be morning for the birds are singing.一定是清晨了,因為鳥兒在叫。⑤Just because they make more money than I do, they think they are so superior.只因為他們掙錢比我多,他們就認(rèn)為自己高人一等。 8However, the_more polite you are, the_less likely it is you will be attacked.(教材P32)然而,你越有禮貌,就越不可能被攻擊。剖析the+比較級 ...,the+比較級 ...表示“越……,(就)越……”前一個the+比較級引導(dǎo)的句子相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句,后一個the+比較級引導(dǎo)的句子為主句。若主句謂語動詞用一般將來時,從句的謂語動詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。歸納拓展(1)the more ..., the more ... 越……,就越……(2)the more ..., the less ... 越……,越不……(3)the+比較級(+主語+謂語),the+比較級(+主語+謂語)結(jié)構(gòu),可以用省略的形式①The_more I read the book, the_more I liked it.這本書我越看越喜歡。②The_more fruit and vegetables you eat, the_less chance you have of getting disease.你吃的蔬菜和水果越多,得病的可能性就越低。③The_harder you work, the_more_progress you will make.你越努力,進步就越大。④The_sooner,_the_better.越快越好。17