【正文】 before they act.B.They can process the information as quickly as they receive it.C.They can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.D.They can send information to brain more quickly than to their eyes.（4）What will a tiger beetle have to do to catch a moving prey? A.Slow down to gain its time perception.B.Prevent itself from being blind.C.Stop occasionally to spot the prey again.D.Try to run as fast as it can.【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了對動物時間感知的研究。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“According to a team of researchers，an animal39。s ability to perceive（感知）time is linked to their pace of life.”可知，據(jù)一組研究人員稱，動物感知時間的能力與它們的生活節(jié)奏有關，由此可知，文中提到的這個研究是關于動物的時間感知的，故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures.”可知，對于能快速移動的動物而言，在極短的時間內感知時間的能力可能是生與死的區(qū)別，由此可知，Kevin Healy說的意思是快速移動的動物的生存依賴于它們對時間的感知能力，故選A。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“The research showed flies ‘observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve，’which allows them to avoid being hit.”可知，家蠅觀察物體運動的時間比我們人眼所能達到的時間要短，這使得它們能夠避免被擊中；再結合第五段中的“but they can make good decisions very quickly.”可知，它們可以很快做出好的決定，也就是說它們可以盡快處理收到的信息，故選B。 （4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“the tiger beetle（虎甲蟲）runs faster than its eyes can keep up，basically being blind，which requires it to stop periodically to reevaluate its prey39。s（獵物）position”可知，虎甲蟲的移動比眼睛快，基本上是盲目的，這就要求它不時地停下來，重新評估獵物的位置，由此可知，為了抓住移動的獵物，虎甲蟲需要不時地停下來確定獵物的位置，故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。 Throughout our daily lives, we have known plenty of people and will know more. But how can we tell if someone is trustworthy? In a paper published recently in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, researcher gave us the answer. The researchers asked 401 adults from the United States to fill out a questionnaire measuring their guiltproneness (內疚傾向) in different situations as well as several other qualities, and then play a short online game. In this game, Player 1 is given $1, which they can choose to give to Player2. Any money given to Player 2 is then automatically increased to $. Player 2 can then decide whether to keep all of the money or behave in a trustworthy way by returning a portion of the money to Player 1. The researchers found more guiltprone people were more likely to share the money with Player 1. Actually, in followup studies, guiltproneness predicted trustworthiness better than other personality qualities the researchers measured. Why might guilt lead to trustworthy behavior? The researchers found people who were guiltprone also reported feeling an obligation to act in ethical (合乎道德的) and responsible ways while interacting (互動) with their partners in the game. People who are guiltprone tend to avoid engaging in behavior that might harm or disappoint others. If they do something bad, guilt encourages them to try to make things right again. Then, how can we use this research to ascertain whether someone is trustworthy? One way to do this might be observe how they respond to experience regret, lead author Emma Levine, assistant professor at the University of Chicago Levine, explains. Another way is to ask them to describe a difficult dilemma they faced in the past, suggests coauthor Taya Cohen, associate professor at Carnegie Mellon University. This is particularly effective, Cohen and her colleagues have found, because it allows us to see if they39。re concerned about the effects their actions have on others.（1）What may make others feel that we are reliable according to the text? A.Our good qualities to help them out.B.Our tendency to experience guilt.C.Our kind attitude towards them.D.Our team spirit in the game.（2）What may connect guilt with trustworthy behavior? A.A sense of responsibility.B.A feeling of disappointment.C.The way one interacts with others.D.The ability to tell right from wrong.（3）What does the underlined word ascertain in the last paragraph mean? A.AskB.ExpressC.DescribeD.Determine（4）How is the text organized and developed? A.By providing background.B.By making a lot of parisons.C.By answering the raised questions.D.By analyzing effects of guiltproneness.【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，生活中，我們會遇到各種各樣的人，那如何確定一個人是不是值得信任呢？科學家做了一個實驗，發(fā)現(xiàn)內疚傾向性格的人更值得信任。內疚性格能驅使人的行為更加合乎道德，具有責任感。所以看一個人后悔時的表現(xiàn)以及通過讓他描述一個兩難事件，就可以確定這個人是否可靠。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“ Then, how can we use this research to ascertain whether someone is trustworthy?”我們如何用這個研究結果確定某人是不是值得信賴呢？”以及One way to do this might be observe how they respond to experience regret,給出了答案之一就是觀察他們經歷后悔的事情時的反應是什么。所以放在我們身上，我們內疚時的反應就能讓別人看出我們是不是可靠。故選B。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“The researchers found people who were guiltprone also reported feeling an obligation to act in ethical (合乎道德的) and responsible ways while interacting (互動) with their partners in the game.”研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，內疚傾向的人在和伙伴玩游戲時，感覺自己有義務采取合乎道德，有責任感的行為。也就是感到內疚，就會有責任感，有了責任感行為就值得信賴。故選A。 （3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的“hen, how can we use this research to ascertain whether someone is trustworthy?”我們如何用這項研究來確定那些人是可靠的呢？ascertain與首段首句中的tell以及allow us to see呼應，意為“確定”，故選D。 （4）考查推理判斷。文章首段提出問題：我們如何確定一個人是否可靠？下文是通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)內疚傾向的人行為更加可靠，又從心理學角度分析了為什么內疚傾向的人值得信賴。隨后推薦給我們兩種判斷對方是否可靠的辦法。最后一段的回答與首段中的問題呼應。故文章是通過問答方式編排的。故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀下列短文，從所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中選出最佳選項。 We all are familiar with Android and iOS platforms as both are popular but are quite different when it es to functionalities. If you are making a big move from Android to iPhone, then the first thing that counters your mind is how to get your data on the iPhone. Note: