【正文】 動物的自然領(lǐng)地。故選A。 （4）考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，短文說明了海洋氧含量下降是一個與氣候變化有關(guān)的令人擔(dān)憂的趨勢，海洋氧含量下降的原因以及對海洋生物的影響和對其生存的威脅。所以短文主要是圍繞著海洋氧含量下降而展開的。故短文的最佳標題為海洋快喘不過氣來了符合題意。故選D。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解 Rich countries are racing to dematerialise payments. They need to do more to prepare for the sideeffects. For the past 3,000 years, when people thought of money they thought of cash. Over the past decade, however, digital payments have taken off— tapping your plastic on a terminal or swiping a smartphone has bee normal. Now this revolution is about to turn cash into an endangered species in some rich economies. That will make the economy more efficient—but it also causes new problems that could hold back the transition(轉(zhuǎn)型). Countries are removing cash at varying speeds. In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years. America is perhaps a decade behind. Outside the rich world, cash is still king. But even there its leading role is being challenged. In China digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in 2012 to 34% in 2017. Cash is dying out because of two forces. One is demand— younger consumers want payment systems that plug easily into their digital lives. But equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets) and teles panies (in emerging ones) are developing fast, easytouse payment technologies from which they can pull data and pocket fees. There is a high cost to running the infrastructure behind the cash economy—ATMs, vans carrying notes, tellers who accept coins. Most financial firms are keen to abandon it, or discourage oldfashioned customers with heavy fees. In the main, the prospect of a cashless economy is excellent news. Cash is inefficient. When payments dematerialise, people and shops are less open to theft. It also creates a credit history, helping consumers borrow. Yet set against these benefits are a couple of worries. Electronic payment systems may risk technical failures, power failure and cyberattacks. In a cashless economy the poor, the elderly and country folk may be left behind. And a digital system could let governments watch over people39。s shopping habits and private multinationals exploit their personal data.（1）Some rich countries are trying to . A.dematerialize moneyB.get rid of the sideeffects of cashC.make the economy more efficient by protecting endangered speciesD.promote payment without paper money or coins（2）In paragraph 3, several countries are mentioned to show . A.the differences between developed and developing countriesB.that cash is still king across the worldC.digital payments are being a trend that cannot be stoppedD.China is developing faster that those developed countries in digital payment（3）Cash is disappearing largely because . A.younger consumers are short of money to live their digital livesB.suppliers are trying to reduce costs and obtain money and dataC.the infrastructure is developing at a high speed in developed marketsD.financial firms want to abandon oldfashioned customers（4）The author39。s attitude towards digitalized payment is . A.favorableB.negativeC.objectiveD.indifferent【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，富裕國家正在減少現(xiàn)金支付,現(xiàn)金正在因為需求等原因消失?？偟膩碚f,無現(xiàn)金經(jīng)濟的未來是個好消息,但是對于電子支付人們也有一些擔(dān)憂。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Rich countries are racing to dematerialise payments.”可知, 富裕國家正競相將支付非物質(zhì)化；再根據(jù)第三段中的“In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years.”在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現(xiàn)金交易數(shù)量下降了80％。結(jié)合上下文,可知某些富裕國家比如瑞典正在減少現(xiàn)金支付,推廣不用紙幣或硬幣的支付方式,也就是電子支付方式。故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years.”可知在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現(xiàn)金交易數(shù)量下降了80％；再根據(jù)“In China digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in 2012 to 34% in 2017.”可知在中國,數(shù)字支付從2012年占所有支付的4％上升到2017年的34％。瑞典和中國的共同點是現(xiàn)金支付減少,電子支付比例上升,由此可推斷作者提到瑞典和中國是為了說明數(shù)字支付正成為一種不可阻擋的趨勢。故選C。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的 “But equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets)... Most financial firms are keen to abandon it, or discourage oldfashioned customers with heavy fees.”可知現(xiàn)金消失的一個重要原因就是諸如銀行和科技公司（在發(fā)達市場）和電信公司（在新興市場）之類的供應(yīng)商正在開發(fā)快速,易于使用的支付技術(shù),他們可以從中提取數(shù)據(jù)和小費。運行現(xiàn)金經(jīng)濟背后的基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)需要付出高昂的成本,這些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施包括自動取款機,載有紙幣的貨車,接受硬幣的出納員。大多數(shù)金融公司都渴望放棄它,或者以高昂的費用勸阻老式客戶。也就是供應(yīng)商為了減少成本,獲取數(shù)據(jù)和小費,開發(fā)了更便捷的支付方式,導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)金支付的減少。故選B。 （4）考查推理判斷。縱觀全文可知，,作者提到無現(xiàn)金支付即電子支付的好處,也提到電子支付引起的擔(dān)憂,對待電子支付是客觀的,故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解 Some people sit outside for hours without getting bitten by mosquitoes, but it always seems like you39。re being eaten alive within minutes of stepping outdoors. If this is you, you39。re not alone. According to Smithsonian Magazine, around 20 percent of people in the world are especially tasty to mosquitoes. What about these people makes mosquitoes39。 mouths water? A popular myth claims that mosquitoes prefer certain blood types, but the fact is that they simply can39。t tell what your blood type is from a faraway place. Jonathon Day, a professor of medical entomology (昆蟲學(xué)) at the University of Florida in the US, told NBC it39。s not plicated. The two most important reasons a mosquito is attracted to you have to do with sight and smell. Mosquitoes are especially active in the late afternoon. While flying along, they use their sense of smell to find possible targets. They find victims (攻擊對象) by smelling the carbon dioxide (CO2) breathed out by humans and animals. That39。s why you monly find them in crowded streets and parks. Joop van Loon, an entomologist at Wageningen University in the Netherlands, told Live Science, Mosquitoes start orienting (使......朝向) themselves to carbon dioxide and keep flying upwind as they sense hi