【正文】 , sailors had to depend on the stars to find directions. After it was invented, the oceans were open to travel. And many new discoveries were made with the help of it.Gunpowder It was one of the greatest inventions. It is said that in the 3rd century a Chinese man wrote about how to make it. At first, it was used for making fireworks. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, people began to use it in wars. The method of making it was spread throughout most parts of Eurasia by the end of 13th century.Paper making China was the first country in the world to make paper. During the Western Han Dynasty （206 BC一9 AD）, paper was made in some places in China, It was developed in the Eastern Han Dynasty （25 AD 220 AD） by Cai Lun. He made paper with bark, ropes, rags and so on. Before it was invented, the ancient Chinese carved characters on animal bones and stones. They also wrote them on bamboo and wooden sticks.Printing It was developed in 1041~1048 in the Song Dynasty. A man named Bi Sheng carved characters on pieces of clay and wood. Then he put ink on them. After the characters were printed on paper, the pieces of clay or wood could be used again. This technology then spread to Korea, Japan and Europe. It was the basic method at that time.（1）After the ____________ was invented, the oceans were open to travel. A.passB.printingC.gunpowderD.papermaking（2）At first, gunpowder was used for____________. A.finding directionsB.making fireworksC.carving charactersD.writing（3）Printing was developed in the____________. A.Tang DynastyB.Song DynastyC.Han DynastyD.Qing Dynasty（4）The best title for the reading material is____________. A.The Four Dynasties of Ancient ChinaB.The Four Great Inventors of Ancient ChinaC.The Four Great Inventions of Ancient ChinaD.The Four Great History Characters of Ancient China【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文講述了中國古代的四大發(fā)明，指南針，火藥，造紙和印刷。 （1）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)pass的信息中After it was invented, the oceans were open to travel 可知，指南針發(fā)明后，海洋向旅游開放，故選A。 （2）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)gunpowder的信息中At first, it was used for making fireworks 可知， 起初，火藥被用于制作煙火，故選B。 （3）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)printing的信息中It was developed in 1041~1048 in the Song Dynasty 可知， 印刷術(shù)是在宋朝發(fā)展起來的 ，故選B。 （4）主旨題。根據(jù)本文講述了中國古代的四大發(fā)明，指南針，火藥，造紙和印刷可知，The Four Great Inventions of Ancient China 中國古代的四大發(fā)明，故選C。 【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細節(jié)題和主旨題，細節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案，主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。10．閱讀理解 The main difference between China and Western countries on the dinner table is chopsticks instead of a knife and fork, but that39。s just a small difference. Besides, in decent（像樣的） restaurants, you can always ask for a knife and fork, if you find the chopsticks not helpful enough. The real difference is that in the West, you have your own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares. If you are being treated to a formal（正式的） dinner and particularly if the host thinks you39。re in the country for the first time, he will do his best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes. The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup will then be served （unless it is a Guangdongstyle restaurant）, followed by rice, noodles or dumplings. Perhaps one of the things that surprise a Western visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food onto their guests39。 plates. In formal dinners, there are always public chopsticks and spoons for this purpose, but some hosts may use their own chopsticks. This is a sign of real friendship and politeness. It is always polite to eat the food. If you do not eat it, just leave the food on the plate. People in China tend to overorder food, for they will find it embarrassing（令人尷尬的） if all the food is consumed（吃光）. When you have had enough, just say so, or you will always overeat!（1）What39。s the real difference between Chinese and Western table manners? A.The tools people use to eat.B.Whether people share food on the same plate.C.The things people like to eat.D.How to begin the dinner politely.（2）If a foreigner first es to have dinner in a Chinese family, he may be _____. A.given little foodB.served with rice firstC.served with many dishesD.asked to use public chopsticks（3）Which of the following is the RIGHT order for most Chinese formal dinners according to the passage? A.Ricesouphot meatcold dishes.B.Vegetable dishessoupdumplingscold dishes.C.Cold disheshot meatsouprice.D.Cold dishessouphot meatrice.（4）What39。s the best title for this passage? A.Having dinner with foreignersB.How to use chopsticksC.The importance of table mannersD.Chinese table manners【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文介紹了中西方的餐桌禮儀的區(qū)別。 （1）推理題。根據(jù)The real difference is that in the West, you have your own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares真正的區(qū)別在于，在西方，你有自己的盤子，而在中國，盤子放在桌子上，大家分享可知， 中西餐桌禮儀的真正區(qū)別是人們是否在同一個盤子里分享食物，故選B。 （2）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)if the host thinks you39。re in the country for the first time, he will do his best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes可知，如果主人認為你是第一次來到這個國家，他會盡力讓你嘗到許多不同類型的菜肴，故選C。 （3）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup will then be served （unless it is a Guangdongstyle restaurant）, followed by rice, noodles or ，然后是熱肉和蔬菜的主菜。隨后將提供湯（除非是廣東風味餐廳），然后是米飯、面條或餃子可知，中國正式晚餐的正確順序是冷盤熱肉湯米飯，故選C。 （4）主旨題。根本文介紹了中西方的餐桌禮儀的區(qū)別據(jù)可知 Chinese table manners 是合適的標題，故選D。 【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細節(jié)題、推斷題，和主旨題，細節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息，主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。11．閱讀理解 The unknown world39。s mystery The sea is the biggest unknown part of our world. It covers about seventyone percent of the earth. There is still much to be discovered about this huge part of water. If the waters of the ocean could be removed, the sea