【正文】 。 We want our children to succeed, in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖論) is that our children can only truly succeed if they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that worldclass figure skaters fall over more often in practice than lowlevel figure skaters. At first sight this seems contradictory. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most? The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice, attempting jumps that stretch their limitations. This is why they fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lowerlevel skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, remaining within their fort zone. This is why they don39。t fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. The truth, however, is that by never failing, they never progress. What is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 failed prototypes(原型) for his dual cyclone vacuum before coining up with the design that made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put it: “You can39。t develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention.” In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don39。t like to admit to failure, partly because they have healthy egos(自我)(particularly the senior doctors) and partly because they fear litigation(訴訟). The consequence is that instead of learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes are repeated. According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. Until healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve. But let us return to children. One of the major mistakes in education in the 1970s was the attempt to equip children with confidence by giving them lots of successes （setting the bar very low）. The consequence was that the ego of kids became bound up with success, and they became unable to take risks and collapsed as soon as they hit a proper challenge. We need to flip(翻轉(zhuǎn)) this approach. In a plex world, failure is inevitable. It is those individuals and institutions that have the flexibility to face up to failure, learn the lessons and adapt which eventually excel(突出).（1）The question raised in the first paragraph is to ________. A.open up a discussion on the topicB.analyze the reason for successC.express the author39。s oppositionD.doubt the abilities of the top skaters（2）Which of the following is the structure of the passage? A.B.C.D.（3）What would be the best title for the passage? A.How we can avoid failure in lifeB.What we should learn from failureC.Why failure is the key to flying highD.Where we further improve ourselves【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論證了“失敗是孩子成功的必須條件”這一觀點(diǎn)。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“But the paradox（悖論）is that our children can only truly succeed if they first learn how to fail.”可知，文章的中心論點(diǎn)是如果孩子想要真正成功，首先就要學(xué)會失敗。后面以世界級滑冰運(yùn)動員摔倒的次數(shù)更多來證明這一點(diǎn)，最后一句提出問題：為什么好的滑冰運(yùn)動員反而摔倒的次數(shù)多呢？下文對這個問題做了回答，進(jìn)一步闡明了文章的中心論點(diǎn)。很明顯，這個問題就是為了引出下文對中心論點(diǎn)的論述服務(wù)的。故選A。(2)考查文章結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段提出中心論點(diǎn)并以滑冰運(yùn)動員為例引出第二段。第三段James Dyson為正面例子證明：成功是建立失敗的基礎(chǔ)上的。而第四和第五兩段分別以醫(yī)療和20世紀(jì)七十年代的兒童教育為反例證明：不經(jīng)歷失敗就不會獲得成功和提高。最后一段再次強(qiáng)調(diào)中心論點(diǎn)。故選A。(3)考查主旨大意。文章第一段即提出中心論點(diǎn)：the paradox（悖論）is that our children can only truly succeed if they first learn how to fail，中間幾段以正反兩方面的例子證明了該論點(diǎn)。最后一段又重新強(qiáng)調(diào)了該論點(diǎn)。很明顯，文章的中心意思就是：失敗是孩子真正成功的必要條件。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，文章結(jié)構(gòu)和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀下列短文，從短文后每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 So many of us hold on to little resentments that may have e from an argument, a misunderstanding, or some other painful event. Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us—believing this is the only way we can forgive or rekindle a friendship or family relationship. An acquaintance of mine, whose health isn39。t very good, recently told me that she hadn39。t spoken to her son in almost three years. She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldn39。t speak to him again unless he called first. When I suggested that she be the one to reach out, she resisted initially and said, I can39。t do that. He39。s the one who should apologize. She was literally willing to die before reaching out to her only son. After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered an apology of his own. As is usually the case when someone takes the chance and reaches out, everyone wins. Whenever we hold on to our anger, we turn small stuff into really big stuff in our minds. We start to believe that our positions are more important than our happiness. They are not. If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is almost never more important than allowing yourself to be happy. The way to be happy is to let go, and reach out. Let other people be right. This doesn39。t mean that you39。re wrong. Everything will be fine. You39。ll experience the peace of letting go, as well as the joy of letting others be right. You39。ll also notice that, as you reach out and let others be right, they will bee less defensive and more loving toward you. They might even reach back. But if for some reason they don39。t, that39。s okay too. You39。ll have the inner satisfaction of knowing that you have done your part to create a more loving world, and certainly you39。ll be more peaceful yourself.（1）The underlined word rekindle in Paragraph 1 probably means ____________. A.recoverB.develop1