【正文】 a really big difference. says wildlife biologist Laura Prugh from University of Washington. She thinks it would help to reintroduce predators like mountain lions, also known as cougars, pumas or panthers, to parts of their historic range from which they39。ve been driven out. The researchers say that bringing the predators back to the eastern . would mean 22 percent fewer collisions between cars and deer over three decades. Each year would see five fewer human deaths, 680 fewer injuries and a savings of some 550 million. Sophie L. Gilbert thinks there are great socioeconomic benefits of large predator restoration through reduced wildlifevehicle collisions and she says, says, Cougars have shown that they can coexist in short distance with people, with very few conflicts, in a lot of areas out west. Still, some folks might be understandably nervous about this kind of plan. After all, reintroducing predators doesn39。t e without risks to pets and to livestock, and very occasionally to people. Our fear of large predators is so natural and intense that I don39。t think it39。s possible to just pletely clear it with statistics… What I hope is that knowing that there actually can be some measurable benefits might make people a little more supportive and maybe balance that fear a little bit. says Laura. Indeed, the statistics show that cougars would prevent five times as many human deaths from deerrelated accidents as they would cause by attacks. But it39。ll be a tough sell: the press will cover cougar attacks, but a statistically prevented death does not make the news. Nevertheless, If people in the west can put up with having mountain lions around, I would hope that New Yorkers would be up for the challenge as well.（1）What is closest in meaning to the underlined word carnivore in Paragraph 3? A.A catlike animal.B.A dangerous animal.C.A meateating animal.D.A grasseating animal.（2）Why do people want to bring back mountain lions? A.To minimize the accidents caused by deer.B.To maintain biodiversity and ecological balance.C.To take up the challenge from people in the west.D.To reduce people39。s fear of this dangerous creature.（3）Why is it hard to persuade people to accept this measure? A.Because the risks outweigh the benefits.B.Because mountains lions like eating people.C.Because the benefits are not as eyecatching as its risks.D.Because mountain lions tend to get too close to people.（4）What is the best title for the text? A.Puma: a Tough SellB.A New Study on PumaC.Deer Cause Huge Life LossesD.Deer or Pumas: a Hard Choice【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）C（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了為了減少由鹿所造成的交通事故，科學家重新引進了美洲師動物，但這項決策更糟，給了們帶來了恐懼，很難推廣。 （1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“ That39。s the region in the . where deervehicle collisions are such a problem”在那里，鹿與車碰撞是一個很大的問題；”，以及“She thinks it would help to reintroduce predators like mountain lions, also known as cougars, pumas or panthers, to parts of their historic range from which they39。ve been driven out.”她認為這將有助于將美洲獅等食肉動物重新引入它們被驅(qū)逐出的歷史區(qū)域會有所幫助。根據(jù)“一個有效的重新引入大型食肉動物可能就會有所影響”。由此可推斷出carnivore指的是“食肉動物”。故選C。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的The researchers say that bringing the predators back to the eastern . would mean 22 percent fewer collisions between cars and deer over three decades. Each year would see five fewer human deaths, 680 fewer injuries and a savings of some 550 million.可知，研究人員說，將食肉動物帶回美國東部意味著30年內(nèi)汽車和鹿之間的碰撞減少了22%。每年將減少5人死亡，680人受傷。由此可知，將美洲師帶回是為了降低鹿引起的交通事故。故選A。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的Indeed, the statistics show that cougars would prevent five times as many human deaths from deerrelated accidents as they would cause by attacks. But it39。ll be a tough sell: the press will cover cougar attacks, but a statistically prevented death does not make the news. 事實上，統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)表明，美洲獅可以預防與鹿有關的事故造成的死亡人數(shù)，是它們被襲擊造成的死亡人數(shù)的五倍。但這將是一個艱難的銷售：媒體將報道美洲獅的襲擊，但從統(tǒng)計上防止死亡并不能成為新聞?？芍?，它的好處不如它的風險那么引人注目。故選C。 （4）考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，為了減少鹿所造成的交通事故，科學家引進了美洲師動物，有效的重新引入了了大型的食肉動物讓事故減少了許多。但媒體報道美洲獅的襲擊，這不但使得這項決策更糟，還給了們帶來了恐懼，很難推廣。故選A。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。 Throughout our daily lives, we have known plenty of people and will know more. But how can we tell if someone is trustworthy? In a paper published recently in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, researcher gave us the answer. The researchers asked 401 adults from the United States to fill out a questionnaire measuring their guiltproneness (內(nèi)疚傾向) in different situations as well as several other qualities, and then play a short online game. In this game, Player 1 is given $1, which they can choose to give to Player2. Any money given to Player 2 is then automatically increased to $. Player 2 can then decide whether to keep all of the money or behave in a trustworthy way by returning a portion of the money to Player 1. The researchers found more guiltprone people were more likely to share the money with Player 1. Actually, in followup studies, guiltproneness predicted trustworthiness better than other personality qualities the researchers measured. Why might guilt lead to trustworthy behavior? The researchers found people who were guiltprone also reported feeling an obligation to act in ethical (合乎道德的) and responsible ways while interacting (互動) with their partners in the game. People who are guiltprone tend to avoid engaging in behavior that might harm or disappoint others. If they do something bad, guilt encourages them to try to make things right again. Then, how can we use this research to ascertain whether someone is trustworthy? One way to do this might be observe how they respond to experience regret, lead author Emma Levine, assistant professor at the University of Chicago Levine, explains. Another way is to ask them to describe a difficult dilemma they faced in the past, suggests coauthor Taya Cohen, associate professor at Carnegie Mellon University. This is particularly effective, Cohen and her colleagues have found, because it allows us to see if they39。re concerned about the effects their actions have on others.（1）What may make others feel th