【正文】 。B.tidyC.terribleD.fortable（2）Which of the following can best explain the broken window theory? A.Chaos begets chaos.B.Misfortune may be an actual blessing.C.Bad news has wings.D.When a door shuts, a window opens.（3）Which of the following will Dr. Vohs probably agree with? A.More virtue exists in organized people.B.Creativity results from tidiness and discipline.C.Disorderly surroundings help to create new ideas.D.Workers39。 good habits guarantee the success of a project.（4）What can we conclude from the study results? A.The naturally neat people tend to be very creative.B.A messy office will cause quite low working efficiency.C.Environments can affect people39。s way of thinking and behavior.D.People39。s personalities are determined by their working environments.【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）C（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)研究人類行為與環(huán)境相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明無(wú)序混亂的環(huán)境可能更容易激發(fā)人們打破傳統(tǒng)，產(chǎn)生新的見(jiàn)解。同時(shí)研究人員建議如果你需要在未來(lái)的項(xiàng)目中跳出框框思考，那就讓雜亂的東西堆積起來(lái)，釋放你的想象力。但如果你的主要目標(biāo)是吃得好或去健身房，那就先在辦公室里收拾一下。 （1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段中的“Not surprisingly, they have found that people blessed with innate conscientiousness, meaning that they are organized and predictable, typically eat better and live longer than people who are disorderly. They also tend to have…”不出所料，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，天生有自覺(jué)性的人，也就是有條理、可預(yù)測(cè)的人，通常比那些不守規(guī)矩的人吃得更好，活得更久。可推知天生有自覺(jué)性有條理的人，他們也更有傾向于擁有整潔的辦公室。故劃線單詞意思為整潔的。故選B。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“The broken window theory, proposed decades ago, holds that even slight disorder and neglect can encourage indifference and poor discipline.”幾十年前提出的破窗理論認(rèn)為，即使是輕微的混亂和忽視也會(huì)助長(zhǎng)冷漠和缺乏紀(jì)律。可推知混亂產(chǎn)生混亂最能解釋破窗理論。故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Disorderly environments seem to inspire breaking free of tradition, Dr. Vohs and her coauthors conclude in the study, which can produce fresh insights.無(wú)序的環(huán)境似乎激發(fā)了人們打破傳統(tǒng)，沃斯博士和她的合著者在研究中總結(jié)道，這可以產(chǎn)生新的見(jiàn)解?？赏浦炙共┦靠赡軙?huì)同意雜亂的環(huán)境有助于創(chuàng)造新想法。故選C。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的’My advice would be, if you need to think outside the box for a future project‘, Dr. Vohs says,’then let the clutter rise and free your imagination. But if your primary goal is to eat well or to go to the gym, pick up around your office first. By doing this, the naturally messy can acquire some of the discipline of the conscientious.‘沃斯博士說(shuō):我的建議是，如果你需要在未來(lái)的項(xiàng)目中跳出框框思考，那就讓雜亂的東西堆積起來(lái)，釋放你的想象力。但如果你的主要目標(biāo)是吃得好或去健身房，那就先在辦公室里收拾一下。通過(guò)這樣做，天生邋遢的人可以獲得一些自覺(jué)的紀(jì)律?？赏浦覀兡軓难芯拷Y(jié)果中得出結(jié)論，環(huán)境可以影響人們的思維方式和行為方式。故選C。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解 Benefits and Problems of Genetic Engineering Plant breeding is the science of changing the characteristics of plants in order to produce desired ones. Genes in a plant are what determine what type of characteristics it will have. Plant breeders try to create a specific oute of plants and potentially new plant varieties by changing the genes of the plants through breeding, which is making new plants from parents of different varieties or species. Actually, plant breeding has been practiced for thousands of years, since near the beginning of human civilization. It is practiced worldwide by individuals such as gardeners and farmers and by professional plant breeders employed by organizations such as government institutions, universities, cropspecific industry associations or research centers. They have crossbred plants to create the new types of plants that are, for example, bigger, stronger, or more attractive. Crossbreeding can take such a long time, however, and it is inaccurate. Now, we can change exact sections of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), so the process is more accurate and faster. But people all over the world are arguing about its benefits and disadvantages. Some people use the technology to produce desired characteristics of plants and animals. Other people are concerned that the genetically engineered plants may harm the environment and worried that they may be dangerous for people to eat. There are many reasons for changing plants in this way. International development agencies believe that breeding new crops is important for ensuring food security by developing new varieties that are higher yielding(高產(chǎn)的), disease resistant, drought tolerant or regionally adapted to different environments and growing conditions. For example, some genetically engineered plants can live through frost or draught. As a result, famers can make more profit because fewer plants will die. Some genetically engineered plants are more nutritious. They have less fat, taste better or stay fresher than nongenetically engineered plants. This will allow people to buy betterquality fruit and vegetables. Some genetically engineered plants can resist natural pests such as viruses or insects. This reduces the amount of chemical needed to kill pests, which is helpful to the environment. However, genetically engineered plants can cause unexpected problems. Genetically engineered plants that resist pests may pass on that characteristic to a wild relative. This may cause the wild plant to spread fast, because pests are not naturally killing it. Genetically engineered plants can also harm animals. A type of corn has been developed which kills a species of insect that destroys it. The pollen (花粉) from this corn, however, can also kill monarch butterflies—the most beautiful of all butterflies, which do not harm the corn. To ensure the most adapted varieties are identified, advocates of organic breeding now promote the use of direct selection for many desired characteristics. Genetic engineering is a very new science