【文章內容簡介】 have planted； planted； have planted28.—I’m sorry, Cathy, I ______ your radio for such a long time.—Never returned29.—Where have you ______ these days?—I have ______ to Yangzhou with my , , , , gone30.—Where is your father? We haven’t seen each other for weeks.— has been to America has gone to would visit my is going to Australia have ______ since the factory the the here ______ the Great Wall many gone been to ______ ten years since they ______ to , , have , have , moved34.—______ to the United States?—No, never, but I went to Canada a few years you you you you go won’t go to see the film tonight because I ______ my ’t ’t have Wu has taught in this school ten years ten ten years ago ______ today’s homework about you? 38.—Ann has gone to Shanghai.—So ______ her 第三篇：一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時區(qū)別專題一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時區(qū)別專題一、現(xiàn)在完成時 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某時發(fā)生的行為對主語目前產生的影響。即用過去發(fā)生的某個行為來說明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。We are good friends.(現(xiàn)在的情況）I knew him in 1997.（過去的動作）We have known each other since 1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在）（1）表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。Have you had lunch yet?Yes, I 39。ve just had （已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）（2）表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）I haven39。t seen her for four 。（3）表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice,ever,never,three times等時間狀語。如： I have been to Beijing 。（1）現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在強調動作產生的后果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑問句中。如：We have already finished our 。They haven39。t finished their homework 。 和never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。如：Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？I have never been to the Great 。，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember ，但記不起在哪里見過。He has been there three times the last few ?！艾F(xiàn)在”在內的時間狀語，如：now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。例如：Have you met him today?No, I haven39。？我 沒有。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去過那里多少次？（2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I haven39。t seen him for two ，像e,arrive,buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續(xù)性動詞來表述?，F(xiàn)歸納總結一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉換：arrive→be herebegin(start)→be ondie→be deade back→be backleave →be awayfall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)get up→be upgo out→be outfinish →be overput on→wear 或be onopen→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of…close→be closedgo to school→be a studentborrow→keepbuy→havecatch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →knowbegin to study→studye to work→work等如：He has been a soldier for three 。His father has been dead for two 。The film has been on for ten 。We have studied English for three （開始）學英語已三年了。（1）have been(to)與have gone(to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時某人不在當?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once ,never, several times等連用，后者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing 。He has gone to 。（2）如單純表示一段時間，或強調一段時間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時。如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two 。（3）終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：I haven39。t left here since ，我一直沒有離開過這兒。(4)表示行為或狀態(tài)從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時，用現(xiàn)在完成時，要加表示一段時間的時間狀語時，常用 for＋一段時間, since＋時間點。I have lived here since my 。I have liv