【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 長波輻射具有高度的吸收性，也就是常說的“溫室效應”，導致全球氣候變暖。世界上的森林主要分為寒帶(北方)森林、溫帶森林和熱帶森林三類。據(jù)專家介紹，今天的森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，是大自然經(jīng)過8000年的進化才逐漸形成的。今天，所有的原始森林都淪為伐木業(yè)大規(guī)模開采利用的目標。在熱帶地區(qū)，許多現(xiàn)在已蕩然無存的森林就是在過去的50年被砍伐一空的。僅1960年至1990年，占世界熱帶森林總面積的20%；還有數(shù)百萬公頃的熱帶森林在砍伐、農(nóng)田開墾和礦產(chǎn)開采中退化。而且，全球的非法砍伐和非法木材產(chǎn)品交易還在繼續(xù)加劇，尤其是在擁有熱帶森林的發(fā)展中國家和政府執(zhí)法不力的俄羅斯等國。而國際市場對廉價木產(chǎn)品的需求，又進一步惡化了這一狀況。溫室效應的預防對策一、全面禁用氟氯碳化物實際上全球正在朝此方向推動努力，是以此案最具實現(xiàn)可能性。二、保護森林的對策方案今日以熱帶雨林為生的全球森林，正在遭到人為持續(xù)不斷的急劇破壞。有效的因應對策，便是趕快停止這種毫無節(jié)制的森林破壞，另一方面實施大規(guī)模的造林工作，努力促進森林再生。三、汽車使用燃料狀況的改善日本汽車在此方面已獲技術提升，大幅改善昔日那種耗油狀況。但在美國等地，或許是因油藏豐富，對於省油設計方面，至今未見有何明顯改善跡象，仍舊維持過度耗油的狀況。因此，該地區(qū)生產(chǎn)的汽車在改善燃油設計方面，具有充分發(fā)揮的余地。由於此項努力所導致的化石燃料消費削減。四、改善其他各種場合的能源使用效率是要改善其他各種場合的能源使用效率。今日人類生活，到處都在大量使用能源，其中尤以住宅和辦公室的冷暖氣設備為最。因此，對於提升能源使用效率方面，仍然具有大幅改善余地。五、對石化燃料的生產(chǎn)與消費，依比例課稅如此一來，或許可以促使生產(chǎn)廠商及消費者在使用能源時有所警惕，避免作出無謂的浪費。而其稅金收入，則可用於森林保護和替代能源的開發(fā)方面。六、鼓勵使用天然瓦斯作為當前的主要能源因為天然瓦斯較少排放二氧化碳。最近日本都市也都普遍改用天然瓦斯取代液化瓦斯，此案則是希望更進一步推廣這種運動。惟其抑制溫暖化的效果并不太大，頂多只有一%的程度左右。七、汽機車的排氣限制 由於汽機車的排氣中，含有大量的氮氧化物與一氧化碳，因此希望減少其排放量。這種作法雖然無法達到直接削減二氧化碳的目的，但卻能夠產(chǎn)生抑制臭氧和甲烷等其他溫室效應氣體的效果。八、鼓勵使用太陽能譬如推動所謂「陽光計劃」之類。這方面的努力能使化石燃料用量相對減少，因此對於降低溫室效應具備直接效果。九、開發(fā)替代能源利用生物能源(Biomass Energy)作為新的乾凈能源。亦即利用植物經(jīng)由光合作用制造出來的有機物充當燃料，藉以取代石油等既有的高污染性能源。第四篇：全球變暖原因 英文Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth39。s nearsurface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected of the reasons for global warming, mainly divided into two aspects of both human factors and natural factors： Human Factors：Population factorsIn recent years, the dramatic increase in population is one of the main factors that contribute to global the same time, it also seriously threatens the balance between natural ecological many people, only their own emissions of carbon dioxide each year will be a staggering Numbers, the result will lead to make the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere directly increase unceasingly, this form of carbon dioxide “greenhouse effect” will directly affect the earth39。s surface climate 、Atmospheric environmental pollution factorsAt present, the increasingly serious environmental pollution has constituted a major global problem, is also one of the main factors that contribute to global , on global climate change research has clearly pointed out that since the end of last century had started to rise the temperature of the earth39。s 、Marine ecological environment deterioration factorsAt present, the change of sea level is continuously rising, according to experts predict the next century, sea level could rise 50 you don39。t take on the measures, will directly cause the destruction of freshwater resources and addition, land activities to produce large amounts of toxic chemical waste and solid waste constantly into the sea。Major in sea water in the oil(leak)events and caused by human activities such as coastal areas such as the destruction of the ecological environment is the main factor that leads to the ecological environment 、Land erosion, salinization, desertification and other factorsLand erosion, salinization, desertification and other factors, human activities such as for wood and deforestation, cultivated land used for agricultural production and overgrazing reason, is still a serious damage to world per minute on average 20 hectares of forest are destroyed, 10 hectares of land desertification, 47000 tons of soil erosion decreased soil fertility and water retention, thus reducing the biological productivity of the soil and its ability to maintain productivity。And can cause a wide range of f