【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 view higher education as a particular means to a particular 。 justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of 。這種結(jié)合是在對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)充滿想象的思考中，通過把現(xiàn)在和過去聯(lián)系起來而得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。.The student ―has four years to discover himself a space between the intellectual wasteland he has left behind and the inevitable dreary professional training that awaits him after the “有四年的時(shí)間來發(fā)現(xiàn)他已經(jīng)越過的知識(shí)荒漠與畢業(yè)后必然面對(duì)的單調(diào)的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)之間還有多大的距離?！?must make each student begin to see his or her place as a small, but vital, link in a continuous chain of humanity that began thousands of years ago and stretches on well into the ：他/ 她在人類連綿不斷的鏈條上只是其中的一環(huán)，這一環(huán)雖小，卻至關(guān)重要。這鏈條的前面有數(shù)千年的歷史，并向無限的未來延伸。 does not consist of taking courses in small productive life consists of finding huge tasks and mastering them with whatever tools of intelligence and energy we are going to turn you loose on some huge 39。s see what you can do with ，充實(shí)的人生應(yīng)該是找到艱巨的任務(wù)，然后盡我們所能—用我們的知識(shí)、力量來完成。我們準(zhǔn)備放手讓你們來完成一些艱巨的任務(wù)。讓我們拭目以待—看看你們?nèi)绾蝸硗瓿伞?us create environments where our students can grow and emerge as creative and thinking persons – individuals who know history, philosophy, religion, literature, all, these are the “l(fā)iberalizing arts, the studies that liberate the mind and send it questing on strange and alluring ，使他們成長為有創(chuàng)造性、有思想的人—懂歷史、哲學(xué)、宗教、文學(xué)等等的個(gè)體。畢竟，這些學(xué)科是“自由的藝術(shù)”，學(xué)習(xí)它們可以解放思想，有助于學(xué)生對(duì)陌生、神秘事物的探求。 we accept what Upham says, and we are mitted to preparing our students for the real world beyond graduation, then there can be a promising future for the liberal arts in this growing age of ，我們就有義務(wù)幫助學(xué)生面對(duì)他們畢業(yè)后所接觸的真實(shí)的世界。那么在這個(gè)技術(shù)日益發(fā)展的時(shí)代，文科才可能有光明的未來。Unit 3 , globalization became the ―grand strategy‖ of the Clinton administration, which envisioned the being the primus inter paresfirst among equalsof a global coalition leading the way to the new, benign world ，全球化成為克林頓政府的“大戰(zhàn)略”，視美國精英為能建立新的良性世界秩序的全球聯(lián)盟中的首席—同等者之首。2.―Trade liberalization has stalled, aid is less coherent than it should be, and the next financial conflagration will be managed by an injured fireman.‖ “貿(mào)易自由化陷入停頓，援助也未按計(jì)劃貫穿始終，撲救下次金融大火的將是一位自身負(fù)傷的消防員。” has been too much dissonance between the promise of globalization and free trade and the actual results of neoliberal policies, which have been more poverty, inequality, and ，新自由主義貿(mào)易政策帶來的是加倍的貧困、更高程度的不平等和更嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯。 agreements are in many ways more dangerous than the multilateral negotiations at the WTO since they often require greater concessions in terms of market access and tighter enforcement of intellectual property 、對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)實(shí)施更嚴(yán)格的保護(hù)， years since it was trumpeted as the wave of the future, globalization seems to have been a ―brave new phase‖ of the capitalist adventure than a desperate effort by global capital to escape the stagnation and disequilibria overtaking the global economy in the 1970s and collapse of the centralized socialist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe deflected people’s attention from this reality in the early ，時(shí)間已經(jīng)過去了十五個(gè)年頭。全球化似乎并不是資本家探索開拓的“大膽的新階段”，更多的倒是全球資本為擺脫上世紀(jì)七八十年代席卷全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的停滯和不均衡所做的孤注一擲的努力。二十世紀(jì)九十年代早期中東歐中央集權(quán)的社會(huì)主義國家的解體把人們的注意力從這一事實(shí)上轉(zhuǎn)移開去。 urgent task is not to steer corporatedriven globalization in a ―social democratic‖ direction but to manage its retreat so that it does not bring about the same chaos and runaway conflicts that marked its demise in that earlier “社會(huì)民主”方向，而是要妥善應(yīng)付它的衰退趨勢，使其不再引起與其早期消亡標(biāo)志相同的混亂和失控的沖突。Unit 4 THE longrun value of all paper currencies is why should the dollar be any different? Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Iran39。s president decried the dollar as a ―worthless piece of paper‖.所有紙幣的長期價(jià)值為零，因此，為什么美元就應(yīng)該與眾不同呢？伊朗總統(tǒng)哈邁迪內(nèi)賈德詆毀美元是“一文不值的廢紙”。 should be concerned, but if the administration, the Federal Reserve and the Congress act responsibly, the dollar should be near its bottom and begin to rise against most foreign ，但如果政府、美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)和國會(huì)采取負(fù)責(zé)任的行動(dòng)，美元就應(yīng)該已接近谷底并對(duì)大多數(shù)外幣開始升值。 believe—and some evidently hope—that the greenback might be on its way out as an international parallels are seen between the dollar39。s recent fall and the decline of sterling as a reserve currency half a century （部分人顯然希望）美元作為國際貨幣或許正在減弱。美元近來的走弱和半個(gè)世紀(jì)前英鎊作為國際儲(chǔ)備貨幣的落敗之間，人們看到同樣令人擔(dān)憂的事情。That currencies rise and fall and test records is hardly lends the dollar39。s decline an air of crisis is that the world39。s bloated currency reserves are crammed with depreciating dollar 。給美元走弱添加危機(jī)氛圍的原因是，全球龐大的外匯儲(chǔ)備充斥著這種貶值的美元資產(chǎn)。What lends the dollar39。s decline an air of crisis is that the world39。s bloated currency reserves are crammed with depreciating dollar ，全球臃腫的外匯儲(chǔ)備受到美元資產(chǎn)貶值的影響。 dollar has weathered these now it faces a nasty squall that bines bothcyclical and structural decline in the past five years has imposed a huge capital loss on foreignexchange this bees too painful, central banks may be tempted to cut their losses and dump their dollars, causing a slump in the currency39。s 。然而，美元當(dāng)下面臨的強(qiáng)大風(fēng)暴卻是眾多周期性氣流和結(jié)構(gòu)性氣流的結(jié)合體。過去5年之中，美元的下跌令全球外匯儲(chǔ)備遭受了龐大的資本損失。如果這種損失造成的痛苦過于嚴(yán)重，各國央行可能會(huì)考慮止損、拋售美元，這勢必會(huì)導(dǎo)致美元暴跌。 are held to buttress confidence in a country39。s own currency, not as a float for global a backstop, reserves need to be easily convertible(so they can be used as an emergency source of liquidity)and a good store of ，而不是為了將其作為外貿(mào)支付手段。因此，儲(chǔ)備貨幣應(yīng)易于兌換（以便在緊急情況下提供流動(dòng)性），并應(yīng)具備良好的保值能力。 the anxiety and gloom, some straws in the wind suggest that the dollar39。s decline may soon the past few weeks it has regained ground against a handful of important currencies, including the pound and the Australian ，憂心忡忡，但有跡象表明，美元的跌勢或許很快就會(huì)減速。在過去幾周中，在和包括英鎊和澳元在內(nèi)的幾種主要貨幣的兌換中，美元已經(jīng)回穩(wěn)獲利。 the eve of the first world war, when Britain was the greatest trading power, the pound39。s share in official currency reserves was all but matched by the bined share of the French franc and German the war a threeway split was maintained, with the dollar replacing the ，英國是頭號(hào)貿(mào)易強(qiáng)國，而英鎊在官方外匯儲(chǔ)備中的份額則與法國法郎、德國馬克的份額之和大致相當(dāng)。一戰(zhàn)全球儲(chǔ)備依然維持了三分天下的局面，只是美元取代了馬克的地位。Unit 7 is today, quite rightly, a growing concern for our environment and a genuine fear that, if we do not chan