【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 usual instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real 的含義比漢語的反語廣泛。它包括 verbal irony, dramatic irony, situational irony。也是正話反說，反話正說，一般需借助于特定的上下文與語境才能被正確理解。在多數(shù)情況下，irony可以譯成漢語的反語。 talked about great people as if she had the feesimple of May fair, and when the court went into mourning, she always wore black.————《英語文學(xué)周報》20151 她一開口就是某某勛爵某某大人，那口氣竟好象她生來就是貴族。宮里有了喪事，她沒有一回不穿孝。 house detective’s piggy eyes surveyed her scornfully from his gross jeweled face.————《英語文學(xué)周報》20152 探長用他那雙夾在面部隆起的肉堆中的豬眼睛輕蔑地將她上下打量了一番。用反語修辭格諷刺意味濃厚， Bible,” he thundered in his sonorous organ tones, “ is not going to be driven out of this court by experts who e hundreds of miles to testify that they can reconcile evolution, with its ancestors in the jungle, with man made by God in His image and put here for His purpose as part of a divine plan.————《讀者文摘》20143 “《圣經(jīng)》，”他用洪亮的嗓音大喊大叫道，“是不會被那些千里迢迢趕來作證的學(xué)者專家們趕出這個法庭的。這些專家們來到這里的目的是想證明主張人類祖先來自叢林的進化論與上帝按照天機，依其形象創(chuàng)造人類并安排到這個世界上來的看法，是并行不悖的?！?.“ If people keep telling you to quit smoking cigarettes, don39。 t listen.....they39。 re probably trying to trick you into living.”————《American Cancer Society》 這是一則反語在廣告中使用的極好例證。不是說教般告訴人們“ Smoking is harmful to your health”,該公益廣告以反語的形式將這個意思表達了出來,從而創(chuàng)造出輕松而幽默的氛圍,使他更易于被讀者接受。10)Innuendo:(暗諷）It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout(曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致)or unplimentary(不贊美)to the person or subject example, the weatherman said it would be must take his readings in a ,用贊同過失的說法,而在表揚時, diligent student seldom reads more than an hour per month.————《Reader’s Digest》這個勤奮的學(xué)生每個月讀書時間不超過一小時。 is a man who is most dependable when you are not in need————《free talk》你不需要時他總是最值得依賴的11）Allegory（諷喻）an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances。an extended metaphor建立在假借過去或別處的事例與對象之上，傳達暗示，影射或者譏諷現(xiàn)世各種現(xiàn)象的含義。 is no garden without its weed表面意思沒有不長草的花園，言外之意沒有什么是完美的————《Fortune》 proof of the budding is in the eating 表面意思布丁好不好，吃了才知道，言外之意實踐出真知————《Forbes》 12）Paradox:(仿擬）It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems selfcontradictory, absurd or contrary toestablished fact or practice, but which onfurther thinking and study may prove to be true, wellfounded, and even to contain a succinct example more haste, less ,改動其中部分詞語, haste, less speed。欲速則不達————《Reader’s Digest》 child is the father to the man。（童年時代可決定人之未來）三歲看大，四歲看老。————《英語文摘》20153 was not built in a day, nor in a year。羅馬不是一天建成的，一年也不行?！督?jīng)濟學(xué)人》20154 13）Oxymoron:(矛盾修飾）It is a pressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(結(jié)合)of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous terms as in bittersweet memories, orderly chaos(混亂)and proud humility。這也是一種矛盾修辭法,用兩種不相調(diào)與的特征形容一個事物, miserable，merry 。————《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》 called my conviction a victorious “勝利的失敗”。————《Reader’s Digest》 [New York]has the poorest millionaires, the littlest great man, the haughtiest beggars, the plainest beauties, the lowest skyscrapers, the dolefulest pleasures of any town I ever saw.——— 這座城市(指紐約)里有的是心靈最空虛的百萬富翁,人格最渺小的偉人,最目空一切的乞丐,最使人瞧不上眼 的美女,最骯臟齷齪的摩天大樓,與最乏味的娛樂,比我所見到過的任何城市都有過之而無不及。原文中一連用了六個Oxymoron辭格,十分生動、形象地描述了作者對大都市紐約的印象,從而深刻地揭示了紐約在繁華背后隱藏著丑陋的雙重性,極富哲理,發(fā)人深省。14）Antithesis:(對照）It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve example, speech is silver。silence is that I loved Caesar less but that I loved Rome ，而是我更喜歡羅馬 這是《凱撒大帝》里的臺詞 將意義相反的語句并列在一起做對比突出表達效果。 me liberty, or give me ，否則殺了我?！禦eader’s Digest》15）Climax:(漸進）It is derived from the Greek word for ”ladder“ and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending example, I came, I saw, I , came, I saw, I ，看了，征服了 position,friends,reputation,life itself,had no longer any attraction for 、朋友、名譽、：通過漸進逐步過渡到高潮，在兩個句子中分別達到了突出表達與強調(diào)的作用。16)Apostrophe：(頓呼）In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person(dead or absent)is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being !awake!awake!awake!英格蘭，醒來吧，醒來吧，醒來吧————《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》20154 is like You, O Lord, among the gods?耶與華啊，眾神之中誰能像你？ ————《圣經(jīng)》 分析：突然的發(fā)出，表現(xiàn)強調(diào)。17）Anticlimax or bathos:(突降）It is the opposite of involves stating one39。s thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(賦予)a college, or a ,將一系列詞語由大到小,!Alas!What shall I do?I39。ve lost my wife and best hat,too?！禦eader’s Digest》 哎呀哎呀!我怎么辦呢?我失去了妻子,又丟了最好的帽子 duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.————《英語學(xué)習(xí)報》）Alliteration:(頭韻）It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(間隔)and since th