【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 than = over 超過(guò) since 自從 money for charity 籌集善款 pair of 一雙 and a half years 五年半 whole five hours 整整五個(gè)小時(shí) Russian style 以俄羅斯的風(fēng)格 hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for 。every 和each 都表示“每一個(gè)”，但every是指整體，each是指每個(gè)個(gè)體。 is 。 we’ve run out of room to store 。 the way, what’s your hobby? 順便問(wèn)一下，你有什么愛(ài)好？ am interested in the job as a 。 fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ，首批猶太人可能是在一千多年前來(lái)到開(kāi)封的。 more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in ，我就越喜歡在中國(guó)生活。 I live quite far from Beijing, ….雖然我住得離北京很遠(yuǎn)。(1)結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + been + .(2)用法：表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且很有可能持續(xù)下去； I’ve been doing the cleaning all this ； You’re late again!I’ve been waiting here for an 。I have been calling you several times in two days.(3)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：all the time/this morning, since morning, all night, this week/month, recently 等(3)對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)時(shí)使用how long。How long have you been skating? I’ve been skating since I was seven years 5 years ：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作的持續(xù)、運(yùn)行；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成。如： I have written a letter to my father.（到現(xiàn)在信已寫(xiě)完）我給我的父親寫(xiě)了一封信。I have been writing a letter to my father.（一直在寫(xiě)，現(xiàn)在還在寫(xiě)）我一直在給我的父親寫(xiě)信。再看：I wrote a letter to my 。 down/up 調(diào)小/大（音量）turn on/off 打開(kāi)/關(guān)上（電源開(kāi)關(guān)） at all 一點(diǎn)也不 away = in a minute 立刻、馬上 on 穿上（動(dòng)作）wear 穿著（狀態(tài)） the dog 喂狗keep the dog 養(yǎng)狗 … to … 把…還給… terrible haircut 一個(gè)糟糕的發(fā)型 a long telephone conversation 褒電話粥 in line 排隊(duì)cut in line 插隊(duì) 跟在某人周?chē)? mad = get annoy = get angry 感到惱火 the time 一直 about 抱怨… polite 有禮貌(not)to do （不去）做某事 be 一定是 down 保持音量 like 看上去像… allowed 被允許 if/though 盡管、即使 care = be careful 小心 public places 在公眾場(chǎng)合 in public 公開(kāi)地，當(dāng)眾地 out 熄滅 litter 亂丟垃圾 up 撿起、拾起 you mind turning down the music? 你介不介意把音樂(lè)聲關(guān)小呢？ Would you mind(not)doing sth.? 你介不介意做（不做）…？ = Would/Could you please(not)do sth.? 請(qǐng)你做（不做）…好嗎？ won’t be 。 pen you bought didn’t 。= The pen you bought wasn’t broken.= There was something wrong with the pen you bought.= Something was wrong with the pen you you 。Here’s what they 。 can’t stand 。I can’t stand to see good food to 。 you please not follow me around? 請(qǐng)你不要跟著我四周好嗎？ happens to me all the time in the school 。 you mind keeping your voice down? 你介不介意把音量放小呢？ voice: 名詞，指說(shuō)話和唱歌地嗓音； talk in a loud voice 高聲交談 noise: 名詞，指人們不愿聽(tīng)到地噪音；sound: 名詞，泛指自然界一切可以聽(tīng)到的聲音。 example, dropping litter is almost never ，亂丟垃圾是不被允許的。be allowed 被允許?！癰e + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) her a scarf 送她一條圍巾 with/to sth.…與…相比 creative enough 不夠有創(chuàng)意 ，現(xiàn)在 pig 大肚豬 with her 和她呆在一起 … at all 根本不 asleep 入睡（動(dòng)作）be asleep 入睡（狀態(tài)） way = halfway 半道、中途 kinds of 不同種類(lèi) for 付款 across China = from all over China 來(lái)自全中國(guó) … as 與…一樣…not as/so…as… 與…比不如其… do of 聽(tīng)說(shuō) progress 取得進(jìn)步 able to = can 能夠 fun with …有樂(lè)趣 don’t you get her a scarf? 為什么不給她買(mǎi)條圍巾呢？ get … 為了… 給某人買(mǎi)某物= get … 注意：，不可使用第二種用法?！痵 not interesting 。enough有兩種詞性：當(dāng)它用來(lái)修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，作為副詞，應(yīng)放在所修飾的詞之后，如上句；當(dāng)它用來(lái)修飾名詞時(shí),應(yīng)放在名詞之后，如：I don’t have enough time to spend with ’s the best gift(that)Joe has ever received? Joe曾經(jīng)受到的最好的禮物是什么？ a lucky guy!幸運(yùn)的家伙！ think a dog is a good pet for a 6yearold 。 are too difficult to take care 。 trendiest kind of pet these days is the potbellied 。 with a pig isn’t always 。 she’s too big to sleep in the 。too… to …：太…以致于不能…= so… that 主語(yǔ) can’t …. is too young to go to school.= He is so young that he can’t go to school.= He isn’t old enough to go to school.= He is very young and he can’t go to ：too…to…是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，而so…that…是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。并且當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的主句主語(yǔ)和從句主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，在句型中要用for 。如：The digital camera is so expensive that we can’t buy it.= The digital camera is too expensive for us to buy.= The digital camera isn’t cheap enough for us to buy.= The digital camera is very expensive and we can’t buy shoes were really only cost $。只要花5美圓。cost：花費(fèi)（金錢(qián)）主語(yǔ)為物； pay：花費(fèi)（金錢(qián)）主語(yǔ)為人；take：：花費(fèi)（時(shí)間、金錢(qián)）主語(yǔ)為物；spend ：花費(fèi)（時(shí)間、金錢(qián)）主語(yǔ)為人。 don’t you get her a scarf? = Why not get her a scarf? 為什么不給她買(mǎi)條圍巾呢？ How/What about doing sth.? 做…怎么樣呢？ How/What about +(a/an)+ n.? …怎么樣呢？ you mind(not)doing sth.? 你介不介意做（不做）…？= Would/Could you please(not)do sth.? 請(qǐng)你做（不做）…好嗎？ of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)hear from 收到…的消息/來(lái)信 a ride 兜風(fēng) up 結(jié)束 with coaster 過(guò)山車(chē) flight attendant 一個(gè)機(jī)組乘務(wù)員 fact 事實(shí)上 over the world 全世界 about 考慮think of 想起；認(rèn)為 than 寧可；而不是 …nor… 既不…也不… quarters of 四分之三 example 舉個(gè)例子 as 例如 the one hand,… on the other hand,….一方面…，另一方面… asleep 睡著（狀態(tài)）fall asleep 睡著（動(dòng)作） you ever been to a water park? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)水上公園嗎？No, I haven’，我沒(méi)有。Me neither.= Neither/Nor have 。這是一個(gè)否定的省略句。它的結(jié)構(gòu)是“ Neither/Nor + be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。而用在肯定的省略句中時(shí)要使用so，它的結(jié)構(gòu)是“So+ be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”。如：I paid 20 yuan for this did roller coaster is themed with Disney 。 boats take different routes, but they all end up in the same ，但它們都停泊在同一個(gè)地方?！痵 just so much fun in 。 was because I could speak English that I got the ，我得到了這份工作。 than three quarters of the population are 。 is because the island is so close to the you can choose to go whenever you 。所以只要你愿意你任何時(shí)候都可以去。(1)用法：動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果和影響；過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。(2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + (3)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already, yet, just, ever, never, once, twice, so far, ever since, for a long time, for + 一段時(shí)間, since + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)/過(guò)去時(shí)的從句，等。(4)注意事項(xiàng):,重點(diǎn)表達(dá)目前的結(jié)果和狀態(tài)。 + 時(shí)間段, since +點(diǎn)時(shí)間連用。對(duì)for與since短語(yǔ)提問(wèn)用how long。 been to：去過(guò)…h(huán)ave gone to：去了…h(huán)ave been in：呆在… ：buyhave had borrowhave kept joinhave been in / have been a member of beehave been a member make friendshave been friends diehave been dead get to knowhave known e/go to dohave done catch a coldhave had a cold begin/start to dohave done begin / starthave been on enter / e / arrive / get to / reachhave been in/at go / leave for / set off / set outhave been away from ，for在現(xiàn)在完成（進(jìn)行）時(shí)中的用法差異(1)since 后接過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句。He has been an English teacher since three years ago.(2)for后接時(shí)間段He has lived here for three 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，它可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如： He has lived here since 。（他現(xiàn)在還住在這里）He lived here in 。（并不涉及他現(xiàn)在是否住在這里） to do forget