【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 勝的方式移動(dòng)。相反的，他們都—— 該怎么說(shuō)呢？他們都有點(diǎn)兒機(jī)械化。（笑聲）我就想，如果我可以把我在動(dòng)畫(huà)學(xué)校學(xué)到的東西 應(yīng)用于設(shè)計(jì)我的機(jī)器人臺(tái)燈會(huì)怎樣？ 因此我設(shè)計(jì)了一幅又一幅，試圖讓這個(gè)機(jī)器人 盡量?jī)?yōu)雅、有吸引力。這里你可以看到這個(gè)桌子上的機(jī)器人 在跟我互動(dòng)，我其實(shí)是在重新設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)機(jī)器人，而這個(gè)機(jī)器人完全不知道，它幫我，其實(shí)是在自掘墳?zāi)鼓?。（笑聲）比起把他它做成一個(gè)照明的機(jī)械，比起把他它做成一個(gè)照明的機(jī)械，我更想要一個(gè)能幫忙的、安靜的學(xué)徒，隨時(shí)滿(mǎn)足你的需求卻不打擾你。比如，當(dāng)我要找一個(gè)我怎么也 找不到的電池時(shí)，它可以巧妙地提醒我電池在哪里。你看到我的困惑了嗎？ 我不是一個(gè)演員。我希望你們注意到，同一個(gè)機(jī)械如何 在前一刻非常溫柔、充滿(mǎn)關(guān)懷，在前一刻非常溫柔、充滿(mǎn)關(guān)懷，下一刻又顯得非常暴力，有進(jìn)攻性。一模一樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，改變的僅僅是動(dòng)作。演員：”你想知道嗎？你真的想知道嗎？ 他已經(jīng)死了！他就躺在那里，目光呆滯！“（笑聲）但是，以一種優(yōu)雅的方式移動(dòng)只是這整個(gè) 人類(lèi)機(jī)器人互動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的一塊基石。那時(shí)候我正在攻讀我的博士學(xué)位，我正在研究人類(lèi)與機(jī)器人的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，也就是人類(lèi)和機(jī)器人一起合作。我在學(xué)習(xí)團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的工程學(xué)，心理學(xué)和哲學(xué)。同時(shí)，我意識(shí)到自己 和我的一個(gè)好朋友（他今天也在這里），也碰到了一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的情境。在那個(gè)情境中，我們很容易想象 不久的將來(lái)機(jī)器人會(huì)和我們?cè)谝黄?。那是在一個(gè)逾越節(jié)家宴結(jié)束后，我們要收起大量的折疊椅，我驚訝于我們迅速找到了各自的節(jié)奏。每個(gè)人都做了自己的那部分，無(wú)需分工，無(wú)需特意口頭溝通。就這樣發(fā)生了。于是我想，人類(lèi)和機(jī)器人的互動(dòng)卻完全不是這樣。當(dāng)人類(lèi)和機(jī)器人互動(dòng)的時(shí)候，就好像他們?cè)谙孪笃濉Ｈ祟?lèi)走一步，機(jī)器人對(duì)此分析一下，然后機(jī)器人決定接下來(lái)怎么做，計(jì)劃好，走下一步。這時(shí)候人類(lèi)就等著，直到輪到他們玩為止。所以，人類(lèi)和機(jī)器人的互動(dòng)更像下象棋，這很好理解，因?yàn)?對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)家和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，象棋很好，它們都是關(guān)于信息分析、決策制定和計(jì)劃。But I wanted my robot to be less of a chess player, and more like a doer that just clicks and works I made my second horrible career choice: I decided to study acting for a took off from a went to acting actually participated in a play, I hope theres no video of that around I got every book I could find about acting, including one from the 19th century that I got from the I was really amazed because my name was the second name on the listthe previous name was in 1889.(Laughter)And this book was kind of waiting for 100 years to be rediscovered for this book shows actors how to move every muscle in the body to match every kind of emotion that they want to ，我更希望我的機(jī)器人是一個(gè)行動(dòng)者，但比起象棋玩家，我更希望我的機(jī)器人是一個(gè)行動(dòng)者，可以和人類(lèi)有默契地一起工作。于是我做了我人生中的第二個(gè)糟糕的職業(yè)決策： 我決定學(xué)習(xí)一學(xué)期的表演課程。我放下了我的博士課程，去上了表演課。我還參與了一個(gè)戲劇，希望現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)找不到那個(gè)視頻了。我找到了每一本關(guān)于表演的書(shū)，其中包括一本從圖書(shū)館里借來(lái)的 19世紀(jì)的書(shū)。我震驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)我的名字是借閱者名單上的第二個(gè)，之前的一個(gè)名字是1889年。（笑聲）這本書(shū)已經(jīng)躺了100年了，只為了借機(jī)器人之名被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)。這本書(shū)教演員 如何調(diào)動(dòng)他們身體上的每塊肌肉 來(lái)表達(dá)他們想要表達(dá)的情感。But the real revelation was when I learned about method became very popular in the 20th method acting said, you don39。t have to plan every muscle in your you have to use your body to find the right have to use your sense memory to reconstruct the emotions and kind of think with your body to find the right , play off yor scene this came at the same time as I was reading about this trend in cognitive psychology called embodied also talks about the same ideasWe use our bodies to think, we don39。t just think with our brains and use our bodies to our bodies feed back into our brain to generate the way that we it was like a lightning went back to my wrote this paperwhich I never really published called “Acting Lessons for Artificial Intelligence.” And I even took another month to do what was then the first theater play with a human and a robot acting 39。s what you saw before with the I thought: How can we make an artificial intelligence modelputer, putational modelthat will model some of these ideas of improvisation, of taking risks, of taking chances, even of making it can make for better robotic I worked for quite a long time on these models and I implemented them on a number of you can see a very early example with the robots trying to use this embodied artificial intelligence, to try to match my movements as closely as possible, sort of like a 39。s look at can see when I psych it out, it gets it39。s a little bit like what you might see actors do when they try to mirror each other to find the right synchrony between then, I did another experiment, and I got people off the street to use the robotic desk lamp, and try out this idea of embodied artificial , I actually used two kinds of brains for the same robot is the same lamp that you saw, and I put in it two one half of the people, I put in a brain that39。s kind of the traditional, calculated robotic waits for its turn, it analyzes everything, it 39。s call it the calculated other got more the stage actor, risk taker 39。s call it the adventurous sometimes acts without knowing everything it has to sometimes makes mistakes and corrects I had them do this very tedious task that took almost 20 minutes and they had to work simulating like a factory job of repetitively doing the same what I found was that people actually loved the adventurous they thought it was more intelligent, more mitted, a better member of the team, contributed to the success of the team even called it 39。he39。 and 39。she,39。 whereas people with the calculated brain called it 39。it.39。 And nobody ever called it 39。he39。 or 39。she39。.When they talked about it after the task with the adventurous brain, they said, “By the end, we were good friends and highfived mentally.” Whatever that means.(Laughter)Sounds the people with the calculated brain said it was just like a lazy only did what it was supposed to do and nothing is almost what people expect robots to do, so I was surprised that people had higher expectations of robots, than what anybody in robotics thought robots should be in a way, I thought, maybe it39。s timejust like method acting changed the way people thought about acting in the 19th century, from going from the very calculated, planned way of behaving, to a more intuitive, risktaking, embodied way of it39。s time for robots to have the same kind of 方法演技。它在20世紀(jì)的時(shí)候非常流行。方法演技指出，你不需要安排你的每一塊肌肉，相反，你可以用你的身體找到對(duì)的動(dòng)作。你應(yīng)該運(yùn)用你的感覺(jué)記憶，去重新建構(gòu)情感，用你的身體找到對(duì)的表情。即興發(fā)揮，根據(jù)你的場(chǎng)景搭檔即興表演。這個(gè)時(shí)候我也正讀到 認(rèn)知心理學(xué)關(guān)于具身認(rèn)知的東西，這也談到同樣的觀點(diǎn)—— 即我們用我們的身體思考，我們并不是用大腦思考用身體表現(xiàn)，而是我們的身體反饋給大腦 并做出相應(yīng)的動(dòng)作，這對(duì)我好像一道閃電。我馬上回了我的辦公室。我寫(xiě)了這篇論文，從來(lái)也沒(méi)發(fā)表過(guò)，叫做《人工智能的表演課》。我甚至花了一個(gè)月的時(shí)間 去做當(dāng)時(shí)第一部由人類(lèi)和機(jī)器人 一起主演的戲劇。你之前看到的演員和機(jī)器人的表演就是這部戲劇。當(dāng)時(shí)我就想： 我們?cè)鯓涌梢宰龀鲞@樣的人工智能模型—— 計(jì)算機(jī)、計(jì)算機(jī)模型等等，它們會(huì)即興發(fā)揮、會(huì)冒險(xiǎn)、甚至?xí)稿e(cuò)。它可能會(huì)是更好的機(jī)器人隊(duì)友。因此我花了很多時(shí)間去研究這些模型，我還在幾個(gè)機(jī)器人身上做了試驗(yàn)。這里你可以看到一個(gè)早期的例子，這個(gè)機(jī)器人試圖運(yùn)用具身人工智能 來(lái)盡量模仿我的動(dòng)作，就好像一個(gè)游戲。我們來(lái)看一下。你可以看到我可以糊弄它。有點(diǎn)像你可能看到的演員們 互相模仿對(duì)方 只為了找到他們之間的默契。然后，我又做了另外一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，我從大街上拉人來(lái)使用這個(gè)機(jī)器人臺(tái)燈，試驗(yàn)具身人工智能。其實(shí)，同樣的機(jī)器人我用了兩個(gè)大腦，機(jī)器人就是你看到的這個(gè)臺(tái)燈，我給了它兩個(gè)大腦。對(duì)一半的人，我放入了一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的、機(jī)械計(jì)算的大腦。它會(huì)等，會(huì)分析，會(huì)計(jì)劃，我們暫且稱(chēng)它為“會(huì)計(jì)算的大腦”。給另一半人則是那個(gè)舞臺(tái)演員、愛(ài)冒險(xiǎn)的大腦，我們暫且稱(chēng)它為“愛(ài)冒險(xiǎn)的大腦”，有的時(shí)候它在并不知道所有事情的時(shí)候行動(dòng)，有的時(shí)候它會(huì)犯錯(cuò)然后去糾正。我讓他們完成一項(xiàng)無(wú)比乏味的任務(wù)，這個(gè)任務(wù)要花近20分鐘，他們必須一起合作完成，有點(diǎn)類(lèi)似在工廠工作，機(jī)械地重復(fù)一件事情。我發(fā)現(xiàn)人們非常喜歡 那個(gè)“愛(ài)冒險(xiǎn)的機(jī)器人”。他們覺(jué)得它非常聰明，非常忠心，是一個(gè)很好的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員，一起幫助團(tuán)隊(duì)成功。他們甚至稱(chēng)它為“他”和“她”，而另外那些人稱(chēng)那個(gè)“會(huì)計(jì)算的機(jī)器人”為“它”，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)它為“他”或“她”。任務(wù)完成后，那些與“會(huì)冒險(xiǎn)的大腦”互動(dòng)