【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 cently), there is a growing tendency that……(8)In the past few years, there has been a dramatic growth(decline)in……(9)Whenever you see(find)? ,you cannot help being astonished(surprised)by ?（每當(dāng)你看到/發(fā)現(xiàn)??，你會不禁為??感到驚訝不已。）在寫作中，當(dāng)作者要對某個問題提出自己的觀點看法時，一般常在文章開頭引出人們對所給出問題的不同看法。這種開頭方法常用于對某個問題進行爭論的議論文體。(1)When asked about… , the vast majority of people think(believe, say)that …。But other people think(believe, regard, say)that …（當(dāng)問及??的時候，絕大多數(shù)人認為/說??。但也有人認為/說??）(2)When it es to …, some people think(believe)that…。Others argue(claim)that the opposite is is probably some truth in both statement, but…（當(dāng)談到??時，有些人認為/相信??；另一些人卻持相反的觀點。這兩種觀點也許都有點道理，但是??）(3)There is a much controversy(discussion)nowadays about the problem(issue)of … Those who criticize(oppose, object to)argue that… They believe that…But people who favor(advocate)…, on the other hand, claim(assert)that…（現(xiàn)在圍繞??問題正展開熱烈的爭論/討論。那些批評/反對的人認為??；另一方面，那些贊同/提倡這個??的人卻認為??）(4)These days we often hear about…They claim(argue, say)that…But is it true? Close analysis(examination)doesn’t bear out the claim(argument).（最近，我們經(jīng)常聽到關(guān)于??他們聲稱??。果真如此嗎？仔細分析一下，就證明這種觀點站英語寫作常用句型 不住腳。(5)Now a lot of people believe that…But although…, there is no(little)evidence that…（現(xiàn)在許多人都認為??盡管??，卻沒有證據(jù)表明??）在寫作中，所謂的引用就是用人們熟悉的名人名言，常用的諺語、習(xí)語、警句等作為文章的開頭。這樣的開頭既生動、富有哲理，又一下子點明了文章的主題，能起到引人入勝的效果。(1)One of the great men(writers, philosophers, scientists)once said(remarked)that… If this is the case , then the present situation(view , attitude)should make us wonder whether…（有一位偉人/作家/哲學(xué)家/科學(xué)家曾經(jīng)說過??如果是這樣的話，目前的趨勢/觀點應(yīng)使我們沉思，是否??）(2)“Knowledge is power ”.Such is the remark made by and more people have shared this view now.（“知識就是力量”，這是培根的名言。這個觀點已為越來越多的人所接受。）(3)Awareness of ignorance is the beginning of wisdom”.Such is the opinion of one of the greastest remark has confirmed time and time again by many historical events.（“意識到無知便是智慧的開端”，這是一位偉人的名言。這句話一次又一次地被許多歷史事實所證實。）(4)“…”.We are used to hearing such words like those.（“??”，我們常常聽到這樣的說法。）(5)“…”.How often we hear such plaint as this!（“??”我們多么常常聽到像這樣的抱怨。）(6)“…”.That’s how one college student(citizen ,official)describe the… Many people have shared the experience like this.（這是一位大學(xué)生/市民/官員說起??的時候的話。許多都與他/她有著同樣的經(jīng)歷。）提問法主要用于展開討論或?qū)τ袪幾h性的問題發(fā)問。文章的開頭用一個即將討論或解答的問題設(shè)問，可以引起思考，喚起聯(lián)想，立即把讀者引入作者的討論之中，激起讀者的濃厚興趣。(1)Should(What)…? Attitudes towards(opinions of)…vary from person to think of(regard,view)…as…Others argue(believe, claim)that…（??應(yīng)不應(yīng)該??/??是??？不同的人對此有不同的態(tài)度/看法。有些人認為??是??；其他人卻爭論/認為??）(2)How do you think of…? In reply to this question, we must …（你怎樣看待??？在回答這個問題時，我們必須??）(3)What do you think of …? In answer to this question, we should…（你認為??是??？要回答這個問題，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)??）(4)“Why do(have)…?”Many people often ask the question like this.（為什么??？許多人經(jīng)常問這樣的問題。）(5)What is…? By my understanding, …is…（什么是??？據(jù)我理解，??是??）(1)For years, …h(huán)as been viewed(regarded)as…But people are taking a fresh look at it now.（多年來，??被認為是??。但是，現(xiàn)在人們正以新的眼光看待它。）(2)Until recently, …was seen(viewed)as …However , that is changing now.（直到最近，??被認為是???？墒?，現(xiàn)在這種情況正在發(fā)生變化。）(3)People used to think that …in the past …But things are quite different now.（在過去，人們常常認為??。但現(xiàn)在情況卻與以往很不同了。）(4)It was once thought that … in the old days, … But few people now share this view.（在過去，人們曾經(jīng)認為??。到現(xiàn)在幾乎沒有人再持有這種觀點。）(5)Several years ago, people…Now people … Why has such a change taken place?（幾年前，人們??。現(xiàn)在，人們??。為什么會發(fā)生這樣的變化呢？）(6)After a good many years of efforts to …, people begin to …（經(jīng)過多年的努力，人們開始??）(6)It is a traditional many practice(way)to … But now the pendulum has swung in the opposite direction.（??是一個傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣。但現(xiàn)在鐘擺轉(zhuǎn)到反的方向去了。）(7)In recent years, there is a general tendeney to … According to a study(survey, poll), there is X percent of…., pared with Y percent last …（最近幾年，有一個??的趨勢。根據(jù)一項研究/民意調(diào)查，和去年的Y%相比，今年有X%的??。為什么會??呢？） 用于故事法開頭的常用句型在寫作中，一開始就講述一個作者自己或他人生活中的故事，用生動而熟悉的趣事緊緊地吸引住讀者，然后再引 入主題。以故事法弄開首的文章常使用人們習(xí)慣的句型，或講時間、或談地點、或講某人??，與讀者思路相通，感情相近。這些故事要和將要討論的主題相關(guān)，它們可從日常生活中輕車熟路地信手。(1)Some month ago(last Sunday), a friend of mine…The story is not is one of thousand of…（幾個月前/上個星期天，我的一個朋友??。這個故事并不偶然，它是千百萬個??之一。）(2)The other day, I … The case is not is typical of…（有一天，我??。這個故事非偶然，它是??的典型事例之一。）(3)Once in a street(hospital, newspaper), I saw(learnt)…The problem(phenomenon)of …h(huán)as aroused nationwide(public)attention(concern).（一次在街上/醫(yī)院里/報紙上，我看到/了解到??。這個??問題/現(xiàn)象已引起全國范圍內(nèi)/公眾的廣泛關(guān)注。）(4)Once upon a time there was a man who…The story may be unbelievable, but it still has a realistic significance today.（從前，有一個??的人。這個故事也許令人難以置信，但直到今天，它仍然有現(xiàn)實意義。）(5)I have a friend who…Such a problem we often meet in our daily life.（我有一個朋友，他/她??。在我們的日常生活中常常會遇到這樣的問題。）文章開宗明義第一句就直接點出主題或闡明自己對某個問題的看法。這樣的開頭直截了當(dāng)，開門見山，第一句就是全文的中心或主題。(1)Nothing is more important(foolish, undesirable, essential)than …which is monly held by…（沒有比??更重要/愚蠢/令人討厭的了?，F(xiàn)在??普遍持有這種??。）(2)Nowhere in the world has the idea of …been more popular than …（世界上沒有哪個地方比在??更流行??的觀點了。）(3)Maybe it is time to have a fresh look at the idea /attitude that…（也許現(xiàn)在給我們以新的眼光看待??的觀點了。）(4)Now people in increasing numbers are beginning to recognize(realize, be aware, accept)that…（現(xiàn)在越來越多的人開始意識到/接受??。）(5)Now people bee increasingly aware of the need(importance)of…（現(xiàn)在人們?nèi)找嬉庾R到??的需要/重要。）以定義法開頭的文章，常對一種事物的本質(zhì)特征或一個概念的內(nèi)涵和外延作確切而簡要的說明。這樣，讀者會邏輯地圍繞定義思考下文。(1)What is …? …refers to …（什么是??？??指的是??。）(2)The term “…” here means that …（這里，術(shù)語“??”意思是??。）(3)When we talk about …, most of us think that …is …（當(dāng)我們談?wù)??的時候，我們大多數(shù)人認為??是??。）正文部分是文章的靈魂和精髓所在，該部分寫作質(zhì)量的好壞與文章的得分密切相關(guān)。正文部分其實就是對文章的主題進行深化、說明、論證，用令人信服的事例、推理等各種方法來支持、闡述主題。下面列舉出寫作該部分常用的方法及句型。任何事物的發(fā)生與發(fā)展都不是偶然的，在它的背后一定有某種原因。同樣，某種原因必然能導(dǎo)致一定的結(jié)果。原因和結(jié)果間并不完全一一對應(yīng)，常常會出現(xiàn)一果多因或一因多果的情況。因果法在分析和解釋某一事物，某一現(xiàn)象時十分常用。(1)There are probably many(several, a number of)reasons for this dramatic change in …First…Second…Finally...（也許??顯著變化的原因有許多/好幾個。第一??第二??第三??）(2)Why did(have are)…? For one thing …For another …Perhaps the most important reason is…（為什么會??？首先，??其次，??也許最重要的原因是??）(3)It is not easy to offer the reasons for this phenomenon which involves several plicated some… For others…（要說出該現(xiàn)象的理由