【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ing I can to help you except that I’m ，我愿做任何事情來幫助你。，一般須用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句放到句末，此時的that不能省。如：The boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his 。, ask, demand, desire, insist(堅(jiān)決主張), order, propose, request, suggest(建議)等代的賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，即：(should)do的形式。He asked that we(should)get there before nine o’。The teacher advised us that we(should)not waste our 。即(from )：1)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句的謂語動詞可用任何所需要的時態(tài)表示。如： He always says that he is our good 。When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good ，他會說我們做了一件好事。2)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)為過去時，從句的謂語動詞須用響應(yīng)的過去時。如： He didn’t tell us he came from 。He said he had read the 。3)但當(dāng)從句的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實(shí)，而不受時間的限制時，即使主句謂語動詞為過去時，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如(from )：Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper 。When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the ，人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。同位語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要當(dāng)名詞后面所接的從句表示與名詞同位并為名詞的實(shí)際內(nèi)容時，這個從句就是同位語從句。如： The news that China has joined the WTO excite us 。He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this 。同位語中應(yīng)注意：，常見的有：answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。如：Hw sent us a message that he won’t e next ，下周他不來了。There is no doubt that he is fit for this ，它適合這一工作?！懊睢⒔ㄗh、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, remendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名詞的同位語，須用虛擬語氣。如(from )：He made clear his desire that he should work hard to go to 。Soon came the order that all the people should obey the ，所有的人不得違犯制度。：同位語從句與定語從句形相似而實(shí)質(zhì)不同，具體表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：(1)被修飾的詞不同。同位語從句的前面一般是數(shù)量有限的、表示抽象意義的名詞；而定語從句的先行詞是無數(shù)的指人或物名詞。(2)從句的作用不同。同位語從句表示同位名詞的具體內(nèi)容；而定語從句是對先行詞—名詞的限制、描繪或說明。(3)引導(dǎo)詞的作用不同。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that是連詞，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，但不能省略；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that為關(guān)系代詞，在從句中擔(dān)任句子的某種成分，當(dāng)擔(dān)任定語從句中的賓語時，that可以省略。(4)引導(dǎo)詞不同。定語從句不能用what, how, whether引導(dǎo)；而同位從句可以用what, how, whether引導(dǎo)(from )。(5)判定定語從句和同位語從句的方法。同位語從句可充當(dāng)同位名詞的表語；而定語從句不能充當(dāng)先行詞的表語。表語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要當(dāng)一個子句充當(dāng)句子的表語時，這個子句就叫做表語從句。如：My idea is that he can teach children English in this 。My hope is that he will keep it a secret for 。表語從句中應(yīng)注意：，但當(dāng)主句中含動詞do的某種形式時，that可以省略。如： What I want to do is(that)I can go up to him and thank 。：advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, remendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等名詞時，表語從句須用虛擬語氣，即：should +do。如：My advice is that you should go to apologize to 。主語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要用來作主語的句子叫做主語從句。如：(1)When he was born is 。(2)What he did last night is being 。在主語從句中須注意：，放在句首，而將主語從句放到句末。如：(1)It is possible that he has stolen the 。(2)Isn’t it strange that he should not have passed the test? 他測試沒有通過，難道不奇怪嗎？，只能用it作形式主語，放在句首，而將if引導(dǎo)的主語從句放到句末。如： It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing 。，that不可省，但在句末口語中可省。如： That he was ill yesterday is known 。如；(1)Who has broken the glass is 。(2)What he wants is all 。，但what引導(dǎo)主語從句的主句謂語動詞的形式須根據(jù)句子的意思來判斷。如(from )：(1)How he worked it out is still a (2)What they makes in this factory are TV 。使用名詞性從句的兩個注意點(diǎn)注意1 語序問題不管什么詞引導(dǎo)，從句的語序始終用陳述語序。如：(1)He asked how he could find his 。(2)The question is why there is little rain 。注意2 連接詞的選用問題A．that，whether，if，as if(限用于表語從句)都不作句子的任何成分。因此，它們所引導(dǎo)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整。that 一般用于確定的語氣中，引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，口語中的that可省略，而其他情況中的that一般不可省；而whether，if一般用于不確定的語句中。如：(1)That he learnt English before is 。(2)I don’t know whether / if he will 。(3)He looks as if he knows the 。B．whether和if 1)whether可用于任何名詞性從句中，而一般只能用于賓語從句中。如果if引導(dǎo)主語從句時，只能放在句中，而不能置于句首。如：(1)Whether he will e or not doesn’t matter.—It doesn’t matter whether he will e or 。(2)Do you know if / whether his words are ？ 2)whether可與or not連用，而if則不可以。如(1)I’m not sure whether / if he can overe the 。(2)The radio didn’t say whether it would rain or not 。3)若用if會產(chǎn)生歧義時，則用whether。(1)Let me know whether he will 。(2)Let me know if he will ：告訴我他是否會來。也可理解為：如果他愿意來，就告訴我一聲。4)whether可與不定式連用，而if不可以。Have you decided whether to go there tomorrow? 明天是否去那兒，你決定了嗎？(句子中的whether不能用if替換)5)whether引導(dǎo)的從句可作某些介詞及動詞discuss的賓語，而if則不可以。如：(1)They are talking about whether they will take part in the 。(2)They are discussing whether they can employ the new 。(以上兩個句子中的whether 不能用if替換)6)賓語從句若為否定句，連接詞則用if 而不用whether。如：Do you know if he hasn’t been to Washington? 你知道他是否沒有去過華盛頓嗎？ 此句子中的If不能用whether替換。C．連接代詞、連接副詞都作句子的成分，因此，選用時須確定從句是否缺少成分，然后再確定選用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞。如：(1)I don’t know ________ he lives.(2)I don’t know ________ he lives there.(3)I don’t know ________ he lives there by fishing.(4)I don’t know ________ he ，句子(1)可填地點(diǎn)、方式等連接詞where / how；句子(2)可填that, whether / if，原因連接副詞why 或方式連接副詞how；句子(3)可填that, whether / if，原因連接副詞why；句子(4)缺少賓語，可填what。名詞性從句用法詳解一、概說名詞性從句，即指性質(zhì)相當(dāng)于名詞的從句，它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。從高考的考查的實(shí)際情況來看，名詞性從句考得最多的是賓語從句，其次是主語從句，再次是表語從句，而同位語從句則很少考查。二、名詞性從句的一般引導(dǎo)詞 that 只起連接作用，沒有任何意思，也不充當(dāng)句子成分，在賓語從句中可省略，但引導(dǎo)其他名詞性從句時通常不省略。如：I hope(that)you enjoy your 。That he likes you is very 。 whether 也不充當(dāng)句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，可換成 if，但引導(dǎo)其他名詞性從句時不能換成 if。如(from )：He asked whether [if] I would show him the 。Whether it will do us harm remains to be 。(引導(dǎo)主語從句，不能用 if 代替 whether) who(m), whose, which, what 等，均有各自的意義，在從句中作主語、賓語、定語等。如：That’s why she wanted to 。When we arrive doesn39。t 。Tell me which one you like 。 when, where, why, how 等，也各自有自己的意義，在從句中作狀語。如： The question is how we should carry out the 。When she’ll be back depends much on the 。Why he did it will remain a puzzle 。三、名詞性從句的重要引導(dǎo)詞 用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句是一個十分重要的引導(dǎo)詞，它可引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句，但不用于引導(dǎo)同位語從句。它引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句有兩個意思是：一是表示“什么”，帶有疑問意味；二是表示“?所?的”，相當(dāng)于一個先行詞后接一個關(guān)系代詞。如：I don’t know what you 。I don’t know what you want is 。 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時可用作限定詞，其后修飾名詞。如： I gave him what books I 。He gave me what money he had about 。注：what 后的名詞可以是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，但通常不能是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，并且后接不可數(shù)名詞時，有時可有l(wèi)ittle修飾，兩者的區(qū)別是：what+不可數(shù)名詞=所有的都，what little+不可數(shù)名詞=雖少但全部。如： What friends she has are out of the 。We gave him what(little)help we 。, whatever, whichever 等也可引導(dǎo)名