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3)作客觀說(shuō)明時(shí),常采用一種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句型 It’s / was said / believed / reported / + that ? It’s reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake. 據(jù)報(bào)道,這次地震中大約有三百人死亡。 4. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法是: ( 1)把原句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ) ( 2)動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)形式,即 be+過(guò)去分詞 ( 3)原來(lái)的主語(yǔ),如果需要的話,放在 by后面,如果沒(méi)必要,可省略。 注意事項(xiàng): 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意事項(xiàng) 從主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)程中主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、賓語(yǔ)都發(fā)生變化。 注意主格與賓格的變化形式。 注意主語(yǔ) 的人稱及數(shù)的變化對(duì) be動(dòng)詞帶來(lái)的影響。 注意 be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式取決于原主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式。 5. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種類(lèi)型 ( 1)有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(直接賓語(yǔ),間接賓語(yǔ)) 常見(jiàn)的接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有 通常這種句子可以改為以“人”當(dāng)主語(yǔ);和以“物”當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的兩種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 如: He gave me a book. - I was given a book by him. (以 I做主語(yǔ)) - A book was given to me by Tom. (以物 book作主語(yǔ)) He teaches us English. - We are taught English by him. (以人當(dāng)主語(yǔ)) - English is taught us by him. (以物作主語(yǔ)) ( 2)含有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) keep, make 三類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞常常有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)位置不變。 We keep food fresh in the fridge. 主 謂 賓 賓補(bǔ) - Food is kept fresh in the fridge. I saw him go into the office building. - He was seen to go into the office building. 英語(yǔ)中有“十大動(dòng)詞”的說(shuō)法,即 feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ,這些詞在主動(dòng)句中,其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不加 to,但變被動(dòng)句時(shí)必須加 to. ( 3)含有短語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),因此沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但有的不及物動(dòng)詞后面加上介詞及其他 一些詞類(lèi)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞之后,其作用相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,可以接賓語(yǔ),因而也可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。在變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),不能去掉構(gòu) 成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞 They take good care of my child. - My child is taken good care of 他們把我的孩子照顧得 很好。 I turned off the radio. - The radio was turned off ( by me) 附:動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) take care of - be taken care of cut down - be cut down laugh at - be laughed at look after- be looked after 下 列這些短語(yǔ)本身即是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式,不需再加- by be covered with ?用?覆蓋著 be interested in ? 對(duì) ? 感興趣 be surprised at ? 對(duì) ? 感到驚奇 be made of ( from)用 ? 制造的 ( 4)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞形成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加上 be 動(dòng)詞即可,其句型如下: 肯定句:主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞( can , may , must) +be+ 過(guò)去分詞 ? 否定句:主語(yǔ)+情 態(tài)