【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 未來幾年需要關(guān)注的問題。第二份報(bào)告公布了一些應(yīng)用科學(xué)研究的熱門領(lǐng)域。如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份報(bào)告呼吁加強(qiáng)頂層設(shè)計(jì)，以消除工業(yè)升級(jí)中的結(jié)構(gòu)性障礙，并促進(jìn)節(jié)能減排。翻譯：ChineseAcademy of Science recently published an annual report about its latestscientific findings and the prospect of the next report consists ofthree parts:science development, more advanced technology development and thesustainable strategy of first one includes the latest findings ofChinese scientists, such as the research of new particle and the breakthroughin the study of H7N9 , it highlights some problems we need tofocus in next few second one announces some heated fields in example, the 3－dimension print and the study of third one suggests people enhance the top design in order to getrid of the structural obstacles in industrial upgrading and to promote theenergysaving and emissionreduction.【真題】—絲綢之路聞名于世的絲綢之路是一系列連接?xùn)|西方的路線。絲綢之路延伸6,000多公里，得名于古代中國(guó)的絲綢貿(mào)易。絲綢之路上的貿(mào)易在中國(guó)、南亞、歐洲和中東文明發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了重要作用。正是通過絲綢之路，中國(guó)的造紙、火藥、指南針、印刷術(shù)等四大發(fā)明才被引介到世界各地。同樣，中國(guó)的絲綢、茶葉和瓷器（porcelain）也傳遍全球。物質(zhì)文化的交流是雙向的，歐洲也通過絲綢之路出口各種商品和植物，滿足中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的需求。翻譯：The worldrenowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the extended more than 6,000 Silk Road was named after ancient China’s silk trade which played an important role in the civilization development of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle was through the Silk Road that papermaking, gunpowder, pass and printing of the four great inventions of ancient China were introduced around the , Chinese silk, tea and porcelain spread all over the also exported various goods and plants through the Silk Road to meet the needs of the Chinese market.【真題】—治理污染北京計(jì)劃未來三年投資7，600億元治理污染，這一新公布的計(jì)劃旨在減少四種主要污染源，包括500多萬倆機(jī)動(dòng)車的尾氣(exhaust)排放、周邊地區(qū)燃煤、來自北方的沙塵暴和本地的建筑灰塵。另有850億元用于新建或升級(jí)城市垃圾處理和污水(sewage)處理設(shè)施，加上300億元投資未來三年的植樹造林(forestation)市政府還計(jì)劃建造一批水循環(huán)利用工廠，并制止違章建筑，以改善環(huán)境。另外，將更嚴(yán)厲地處罰違反限排規(guī)定的行為。翻譯：Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan to curb environmental pollution in the next three years, starting from reducing the emissions of pm newly announced plan is intended to reduce the four major sources of pollution, including exhaust emissions of 5 million motor vehicles, coalburning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and construction dust in the 85 billion yuan is used for establishing or upgrading the facilities of municipal waste treatment and sewage , 30 billion yuan invests to the afforestation program in the next three order to improve the environment, the municipal government also plans to build a good number of plants which can use recycled water and to stop illegal addition, Beijing will punish those people who violate the regulations of emissionreduction more 同一種動(dòng)物在東西方不同的文化背景下所表達(dá)的含義不盡相同。在西方人眼里，蝙蝠就是一個(gè)邪惡、丑陋的吸血鬼(bloodsucker)。但是在我國(guó)南方，舊式住 宅的門上常常雕刻著蝙蝠，因?yàn)轵鹗呛眠\(yùn)、健康、財(cái)富、幸福的象征。西方人認(rèn) 為孔雀走起路來總是趾高氣揚(yáng)，目中無人，頭冠(crown)頻頻擺動(dòng)，還不時(shí)開屏炫耀其美麗，這是“驕傲”、“虛榮”的表現(xiàn)。而中國(guó)人認(rèn)為孔雀開屏是喜慶吉祥的象征，所以人們常用孔雀比喻美麗的人或事物。翻譯：The same animal in different culture backgrounds between the East and the West respectively expresses different the West, bats are evil, ugly bloodsucker。but in southern China, bats are often carved on the doors of the old houses, because they are symbols of fortune, health, wealth and generally believe that the peacock always walks around with her nose in the air, swinging its crown repeatedly, and shows off its beautiful tail are signs of pride and contrast,Chinese think it symbolizes joy and luck that the peacock spreads its people often pare the peacock to beautiful persons or ：:可譯為different culture backgrounds between the East and the West。:可譯為被動(dòng)形式be carved on?，目中無人:可簡(jiǎn)譯為always walks around with her nose in the air。with one39。s nose in the air即有“目中無人地”意思。:可譯為 the peacock spreads its tail。...比喻:可譯為pare?to?京劇被奉為中國(guó)的國(guó)粹，來源于18世紀(jì)晚期的安徽和湖北的當(dāng)?shù)貏》N。京劇是中國(guó)所有劇種中最有影響力和代表性的，在中國(guó)乃至世界享有聲譽(yù)。京劇完美融合了多種藝術(shù)形式。京劇集傳統(tǒng)音樂、舞蹈、詩歌、雜耍、武術(shù)于一身，以華麗的戲服、逼真的臉譜和程式化的演出套路而聞名。京劇臉譜上每一種圖形和亮麗的顏色都有象征意義：紅色表示忠誠(chéng)，藍(lán)色表示殘暴，黑色表示正直。翻譯：Known as China’s national opera, Peking Opera originated in the late 18th century from the basis of some local operas in Anhui and Hubei Opera is the most influential and representative of all operas in has won great popularity not only in China but also throughout the Opera is a harmonious bination of many art is a synthesis of traditional music, dancing, poetry, acrobatics and martial is famous for its exquisite costumes, beautiful makeup or painted face, and established performing conventions and of patterns and brilliant colors on the painted face has a symbolic meaning: red suggests loyalty。blue suggests cruelty。black suggests ：京劇 Peking Opera國(guó)粹 national opera有代表性的 representative完美融合 harmonious bination雜耍 acrobatics 武術(shù) martial arts華麗的戲服 exquisite costume臉譜 makeup or painted face象征的 symbolic忠誠(chéng) loyalty殘暴 cruelty正直 honesty中國(guó)民間藝術(shù)與中國(guó)哲學(xué)統(tǒng)一于“陰陽(yinyang)生萬物”這一理念。這一理念源于中國(guó)原始社會(huì)，是對(duì)人類的人生感悟的哲學(xué)注解。中國(guó)人祖先的哲學(xué)論斷是“近看自己，遠(yuǎn)觀他人”。要理解中華民族民間藝術(shù)的原始藝術(shù)，這一結(jié)論必不 可少。人類的本能欲望是生存并通過繁衍(propagation)繼續(xù)存在。人生來的首要 本能是求生，然后是長(zhǎng)壽。從原始社會(huì)到今天，陰陽和永生的觀念始終貫穿中國(guó)的社會(huì)生活和民族文化。中國(guó)民間藝術(shù)反映了社會(huì)的所有基本哲學(xué)理念。參考翻譯：Chinese folk art and Chinese philosophy are unifiedin the belief that yinyang produces all living things inthe in Chinese primitive society,this was the philosophical explanation of human39。sperception of ancestors philosophicalconclusion was to “l(fā)ook at oneself up close and other creatures from afar”，which is essentialto the understanding of the primitive art to the folk art of the live and to continuelife through propagation are the two instinctive desires of birth, a person39。s firstinstinct is to survive, and then to live a long primitive society to the present day,the view of yinyang and perpetual life has permeated in all aspects of social life and thenational culture of Chinese folk art reflects all of the basic ，飲酒(white spirit)在中國(guó)人的生活中一直扮演著重要的角色，無論是帝王還是百姓。飲酒是中國(guó)文化的一部分。中國(guó)人的祖先在作詩、寫散文時(shí)喜歡飲酒，在宴會(huì)上還會(huì)向親戚朋友敬酒。但飲酒不僅屬于文化人，也是普通人生活中不可缺少的一部分。人們?cè)诟鞣N場(chǎng)合飲酒，如生日宴會(huì)、餞行宴會(huì)、婚禮宴會(huì)(wedding banquet)等。搬進(jìn)新房或生意開業(yè)時(shí)，也會(huì)邀請(qǐng)人們來吃飯、飲酒。參考翻譯：Drinking white spirit has been taking an importantrole in Chinese people39。s life from emperors toordinary people for a long white s