【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 seventh century that time, it was called Spring and Autumn Period. The first section of wall, that appeared in China, was built by the Qin Kingdom and the Chu had a high wall which was called“square wall” or“square city”built surrounding their own territories to defend the attack of their neighboring enemy. So it was also known as the Qi Great Wall and the Chu Great order to defend themselves against the infringing enemy from the neighboring states, all the kingdoms had sections of high walls constructed around their own territories for built high walls at the strategic points of the high walls were the primitive prototype of the present day Great Wall and laid the foundation for the present Great Wall. In Chinese history, this is the largest project carried out in three dynasties that brought the climax of the development of the Great Wall. Largescale construction of the Great Wall was concentrated in the Qin ,Han and Ming dynasties . In 221 BC ,Qin Shihuang defeated the other six kingdoms and unified China. In order to consolidate the unity ,he decided to link up the separate sections of high walls,built by different kingdoms ,into the Great Wall. Then he sent Meng Tian, a military general, with 300,000 soldiers and one million civilian up to north to build up the Great Wall. A great many sections were linked up and expanded, and finally it was extended into a Great Wall. When it was finished ,the total length of the Great Wall was over 7,000 kilometers long .The Qin Great Wall started from Lintao, Gansu Province in the west and ended in Liaodong ,Liaoning Province in the east. Largescale construction of the Great Wall was ongoing throughtout the reign of Emperor Wu Di in the Han Dynasty .In order to ward off the Huns as well as to protect the Silk Road, they also had the Great Wall extended towards the west for another 5,000 kilometers long to the Lop Nur Lake in today’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Han Great Wall started from the Liaodong Peninsula in the east ,and ended at the foot of the Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,with a total length of 10,000 kilometers. The last largescale project on the Great Wall was carried out in the Ming Dynasty. In 1368, right after Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty ,he started the reconstruction of the Great Wall immediately on the basis of the Qin Great Wall .Since the remaining forces of the Yuan often made counterattacks on Beijing and the threats of the newly raised ethnic tribe of “Nu Zhen”also threatened the Ming Court, Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang paid great attention to construction of the Great Wall and stationed troops along the Wall. The whole project of the Ming Great Wall took more than 200 years to plete , and there were 18 largescale constructions of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty. After that, the total length of Ming Great Wall was more than 7,000 kilometers from Yalu River in Liaoning Province in the east ,to Jiayuguan Pass in Gansu Province in the west .It passes nine cities, provinces and autonomous regions of Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Ningxia and is the Great Wall we see today. The main force for the Great Wall was posed of solidiers defending the frontier, exiles and criminals, as well as the local laborers. In ancient times the Great Wall was not only a strong defensive project but also played a very important military and economic function of the Great Wall in Chinese History was mainly in Military strategies, Economy, and Perfect harmony of various most important is in Military strategies. The Great Wall at Juyongguan Pass(居庸關(guān)長城 ) Juyongguan Pass is located at 50 kilometers northwest of downtown mountions flanking the valley have many graceful peaks. The slopes on both sides of the narrow passes are covered with dense trees and plants. So, it used to be one of the famous” Eight Views of Yanjing”.There was a 20 kilometerlong valley called “Guangou Valley” from south to north, with 4 passes along the valley named “Nankou ， Juyongguan， Shangguan and Badaling”.They were of great strategic importance in defending the national capital of Pass is one of them. The name “Juyong ”in Chinese means “a place of poor laborers”. According to historical records ,Emperor Qin Shihuang forced many conscripts to build this part of the Great Wall. Inside Juyong Pass there is an ancient marble platform known as“Cloud Terrace”.It was first built in 1342 during the Yuan used to be three Tibetan style pagodas built on the terrace with a road passing under it from north to south. Therefore, it was also called “The Crossing Road Pagoda”.Later, when the pagodas were destroyed, a temple was built on the very site . However， the temple was burnt down in a fire in the early years of the Qing Dynasty，so only the terrace remained. There are also Buddhist scriptures inscribed on the stone wall in the Sanskrit， Tibetan， Basiba(a kind of Mongolian script)， Xixia， Uygur and Han offer us wonderful examples of their exquisite workmanship and vividness in are extremely valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages. Today on the way to Badaling Great Wall you can see a railway running by the Badaling Expressway. It is wellknown at the Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway. It is more than 200 kilometers away from Beijing to railway is very famous in China because it was the first railway designed and constructed by Chinese itself. Its chief designer was Zhan Tianyoua famous railway engineer in China. The Great Wall at Badaling(八達嶺長城 ) The Badaling Great Wall is about 75 kilometers northwest of Beijing， and it is the bestpreserved part of the Great means“convenient transportation to all directions”. Roads from Badaling lead to Yanqing Country to its north。 Xuanhua, Zhangjiakou and Datong to the west。