【文章內(nèi)容簡介】
語法知識: 一、被動語態(tài)的基本用法 當謂語表示一個動作時,主語和它可以有兩種不同關系:主動關系或被動關系。 在表示主 動關系時(即主語為動作的執(zhí)行者時),謂語的形式稱為主動語態(tài)( the Active Voice)。在表示被動關系時(即主語為動作的承受者時),謂語要用另一種形式,稱為被動語態(tài)( the Passive Voice)。在被動結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中,動作執(zhí)行者可以由介詞 by引起的短語表示。 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成: 被動語態(tài)由助動詞 be 加過去分詞構(gòu)成,時態(tài)通過 be 表現(xiàn)出來。 1)一般現(xiàn)在時 You39。re wanted on the 。 2)一般過去時 The book was finished last week. 這書是上周寫完的。 二、 主謂一致 主謂一致是指: 1)語法形式上要一致,即單復數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。 2)意義上要一致,即主語意義上的單復數(shù)要與謂語的單復數(shù)形式一致。 3)就近原則,即謂語動詞的單復形式取決于最靠近它的詞語, 一般來說,不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)用動詞復數(shù)。 There is much water in the thermos. 但當不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. ( 1)并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時謂語用復數(shù) Reading and writing are very important. 注意: 當主語由 and 連結(jié)時,如果它表示一個單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù), and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案 B. 注: 先從時態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應用過去時,先排除 A、 C。本題易誤選 D,因為 The League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個人,但仔細辨別, monitor 前沒有 the,在英語中,當一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務前加定冠詞,后面的職務用 and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個人,所以應選 B。 ( 2)主謂一致中的靠近原則 1)當 there be 句型的主語是一系 列事物時,謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty boystudents and twentythree girlstudents in the class. 2)當 either… or… 與 neither… nor ,連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由 here, there 引導,而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you. ( 3)謂語動詞與前面的主語一致 當主語后面跟有 with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. ( 4)謂語需用單數(shù) 1) 代詞 each和由 every, some, no, any 等構(gòu)成的復合代詞作主語,或主語中含有 each, every, 謂語需用單數(shù)。 Each of us has a taperecorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2)當主語是一本書或一條格言時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜譚》是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書。 3)表示金錢,時間,價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語時,通常把這些名詞看作一個整體,謂語一般用單數(shù)。(用復數(shù)也可,意思不變。) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. ( 5)指代意義決定謂語的單復數(shù) 1) 在代詞 what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞 的單復數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復數(shù)決定。 All is right. (一切順利。) All are present. (所有人都到齊了。) 2)集體名詞作主語時,謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如 family, audience, crew, crowd, class, pany, mittee 等詞后用復數(shù)形式時,意為這個集體中的各個成員,用單數(shù)時表示該個集體。 His family isn39。t very large. 他家不是一個大家庭。 His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音樂愛好者。 集合名詞 people, police, cattle, poultry 等在任何情況下都用復數(shù)形式。 Are there any police around? 3)有些名詞,如 variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時看作單數(shù),有時看作復數(shù)。 A number of +名詞復數(shù) +復數(shù)動詞。 The number of +名詞復數(shù) +單數(shù)動詞。 A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English. ( 6)與后接名詞或代詞保持一致 1)用 half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等詞引起主語時,動詞通常與 of 后面的名詞,代詞保持一致。 Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2)在一些短 語,如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時,謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由 more than… of 作主語時,動詞應與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。 Many a person has read the novel. 許多人都讀過這本書。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的學生都來自這個城市。 【 模擬試題 】 一、 Turn the following words into English form 1. 穿過;橫過 ______________ 2. 皮靴 ____________ 3. 大陸的;大洲的 ___________ 4. 面向;面對 ______ 5. 山脈 _________ 6. 美術館 __________ 7. 海峽 __________ 8. 雅典 ____________ 9. 希臘 __________ 10. 葡萄牙 __________ 二、 Turn the following phrases into English form 1. 離海岸線不遠 _____________ 2. 在??的南部 __________ 3. 因而出名 ______________ 4. 作為而出名 _____________ 5. 看起來像 _______________ 6. 山脈 ________________ 7. 在沿海(海岸上) _________ 8. 沿著海岸 _____________ 三、 Fill in the blanks using the correct form 1. The yellow house f_________ to the road is my new home. 2. My friend Mark can speak English, French and S_________. 3. Italy looks like a b_____ from the map. 4. Mrs Andrews got _____ ______ the taxi and ran a_____ Oxford street. 5. G_______ is the country where the 28th Olympic Games. 6. As a mountain climber, he has been on the top of the world famous r_______. 四、 Choose the best answer 1. Rizhao lies _____the southeast of Shandong Province which lies ______the east of Shanxi Province that is______the west of Hebei Province. A. in, on, to B. in ,to, on C to ,in ,on D. to, in, on 2. Our school, which has 8,000 students, ______on the beach of the Yellow Sea. A. is situated B. situate C. situating D. situation 3. Liqun Department Store is ______right in the center of the city. A. located B.