【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 語法知識(shí)： 一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法 當(dāng)謂語表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)，主語和它可以有兩種不同關(guān)系：主動(dòng)關(guān)系或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 在表示主 動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)（即主語為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)），謂語的形式稱為主動(dòng)語態(tài)（ the Active Voice）。在表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)（即主語為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)），謂語要用另一種形式，稱為被動(dòng)語態(tài)（ the Passive Voice）。在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中，動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者可以由介詞 by引起的短語表示。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成： 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞 be 加過去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過 be 表現(xiàn)出來。 1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) You39。re wanted on the 。 2）一般過去時(shí) The book was finished last week. 這書是上周寫完的。 二、 主謂一致 主謂一致是指： 1）語法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。 2）意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。 3）就近原則，即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語， 一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。 There is much water in the thermos. 但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. （ 1）并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù) Reading and writing are very important. 注意： 當(dāng)主語由 and 連結(jié)時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)， and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案 B. 注： 先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時(shí)，先排除 A、 C。本題易誤選 D，因?yàn)?The League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人，但仔細(xì)辨別， monitor 前沒有 the，在英語中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞，后面的職務(wù)用 and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個(gè)人，所以應(yīng)選 B。 （ 2）主謂一致中的靠近原則 1）當(dāng) there be 句型的主語是一系 列事物時(shí)，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty boystudents and twentythree girlstudents in the class. 2）當(dāng) either… or… 與 neither… nor ，連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由 here, there 引導(dǎo)，而主語又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you. （ 3）謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語一致 當(dāng)主語后面跟有 with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. （ 4）謂語需用單數(shù) 1） 代詞 each和由 every, some, no, any 等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語，或主語中含有 each, every, 謂語需用單數(shù)。 Each of us has a taperecorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2）當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜譚》是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書。 3）表示金錢，時(shí)間，價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)。（用復(fù)數(shù)也可，意思不變。） Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. （ 5）指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù) 1） 在代詞 what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞 的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。 All is right. （一切順利。） All are present. （所有人都到齊了。） 2）集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如 family, audience, crew, crowd, class, pany, mittee 等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，意為這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數(shù)時(shí)表示該個(gè)集體。 His family isn39。t very large. 他家不是一個(gè)大家庭。 His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音樂愛好者。 集合名詞 people, police, cattle, poultry 等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Are there any police around? 3）有些名詞，如 variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù)，有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。 A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù) +復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù) +單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English. （ 6）與后接名詞或代詞保持一致 1）用 half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等詞引起主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞通常與 of 后面的名詞，代詞保持一致。 Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2）在一些短 語，如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由 more than… of 作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。 Many a person has read the novel. 許多人都讀過這本書。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的學(xué)生都來自這個(gè)城市。 【 模擬試題 】 一、 Turn the following words into English form 1. 穿過；橫過 ______________ 2. 皮靴 ____________ 3. 大陸的；大洲的 ___________ 4. 面向；面對 ______ 5. 山脈 _________ 6. 美術(shù)館 __________ 7. 海峽 __________ 8. 雅典 ____________ 9. 希臘 __________ 10. 葡萄牙 __________ 二、 Turn the following phrases into English form 1. 離海岸線不遠(yuǎn) _____________ 2. 在??的南部 __________ 3. 因而出名 ______________ 4. 作為而出名 _____________ 5. 看起來像 _______________ 6. 山脈 ________________ 7. 在沿海（海岸上） _________ 8. 沿著海岸 _____________ 三、 Fill in the blanks using the correct form 1. The yellow house f_________ to the road is my new home. 2. My friend Mark can speak English, French and S_________. 3. Italy looks like a b_____ from the map. 4. Mrs Andrews got _____ ______ the taxi and ran a_____ Oxford street. 5. G_______ is the country where the 28th Olympic Games. 6. As a mountain climber, he has been on the top of the world famous r_______. 四、 Choose the best answer 1. Rizhao lies _____the southeast of Shandong Province which lies ______the east of Shanxi Province that is______the west of Hebei Province. A. in, on, to B. in ,to, on C to ,in ,on D. to, in, on 2. Our school, which has 8,000 students, ______on the beach of the Yellow Sea. A. is situated B. situate C. situating D. situation 3. Liqun Department Store is ______right in the center of the city. A. located B.