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【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 Z) = NORMSDIST() = .100978 Approximately, 10 percent of the boxes have less than Ounces of cereal in them! 23 Step 3 Analyze How can we improve the capability of our cereal box filling process? –Decrease Variation –Center Process –Increase Specifications 24 Step 4 – Improve – How good is good enough? Motorola’s “Six Sigma” –6s minimum from process center to nearest spec 1 23 1 02 312 s6 s25 Motorola’s “Six Sigma” ?Implies 2 ppB “bad” with no process shift ? With shift in either direction from center (process will move), implies ppm “bad”. 1 23 1 02 312 s26 Step 5 – Control ?Statistical Process Control (SPC) –Use data from the actual process –Estimate distributions –Look at capability is good quality possible –Statistically monitor the process over time 27 Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: Flow Chart No, Continue… Material Received from Supplier Inspect Material for Defects Defects found? Return to Supplier for Credit Yes Can be used to find quality problems 28 Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: Run Chart Can be used to identify when equipment or processes are not behaving according to specifications 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Time (Hours) Diameter 29 Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: Pareto Analysis Can be used to find when 80% of the problems may be attributed to 20% of the causes Assy. Instruct. Frequency Design Purch. Training 80% 30 Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: Checksheet Billing Errors Wrong Account Wrong Amount A/R Errors Wrong Account Wrong Amount Monday Can be used to keep track of defects or used to make sure people collect data in a correct manner 31 Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: Histogram Number of Lots Data Ranges Defects in lot 0 1 2 3 4 Can be used to identify the frequency of quality defect occurrence and display quality performance 32 Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: Cause Effect Diagram Effect Man Machine Material Method Environment Possible causes: The results or effect Can be used to systematically track backwards to find a possible cause of a quality problem (or effect) 33 Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: Control Charts Can be used to monitor ongoing production process quality and quality conformance to stated standards of quality 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 LCL UCL 34 Other Six Sigma Tools ?Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (DMEA) is a structured approach to identify, estimate, prioritize, and ev
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