【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ve interaction is the famous “ Need Do Interaction” ! 上面的關(guān)系就稱為“需要和做的關(guān)系”！ Customer Quality Delivery Price Defects Cycle time Cost Supplier Asking the customer : Kano Model 客戶需求： Kano 模式 ? It helps employees set priorities Don’ t work on Delighters until Must Be’ s are in place ? It helps you avoid the trap of thinking that “ no plaints means customer satisfaction !” Delight Neutral Dissatisfied Absent Fulfilled Dr. Noritaki Kano Example of Kano Model :buying a car What happens if the “ must be’ s” are absent but you have the “ delighters” and the “ more” is better? Delight Delight Neutral Dissatisfied Absent Fulfilled Gas Mileage Luggage space 4 wheels Working engine Leather seats Alloy wheels Metallic paint A loyal customer 忠實(shí)的客戶 Ａ Loyal Customer Is one who rates a 5 in All three areas…. Customer will Repurchase from Your anization Customer perceives Value relative to the petition Customer will Remended The product Six Sigma Philosophy 六西格馬理念 The Philosophy of Six Sigma is to apply a structured , systematic approach to achieve breakthrough improvement across all areas of our business. 六西格馬理念是透過(guò)應(yīng)用有結(jié)構(gòu)，系統(tǒng)的方 法，使?fàn)I運(yùn)過(guò)程中所有的環(huán)節(jié)都達(dá)到突破性 的改善． what’ s the strategy : 戰(zhàn)略含義 ? know what’ s important to the customer 了解客戶重視的地方（ CTx’ s) ? Reduce defects 減少缺陷 ? Center around the target 以目標(biāo)為中心 ? Reduce variation 減少變異 variation is evil ! 變異是魔鬼 Traditional view : “ Goalpost” Taguchi view: Variation is the Mentality enemy LSL LSL USL USL 任何落在規(guī)格尺寸之外的產(chǎn)品， 意味著質(zhì)量的損失 任何偏差均對(duì)社會(huì) 造成損失 Quality Concept 品質(zhì)概念 ? Quality means conformance to requirements. 品質(zhì)意味著符合要求。 ? Quality improvement means minimum variability from the target. 品質(zhì)改善意味著把目標(biāo)的變異減至最低。 So attaining certification like ISO/QS vs six sigma can be understood as maintaining quality conformance vs achieving breakthrough improvement. Goal : Process centering and variation reduction 目標(biāo)：過(guò)程置中和減少變異 The Sigma Strategy 西格馬戰(zhàn)略 ? Characterize (define, measure phase) 特征描述（定義，測(cè)量階段） ? Optimize (analysis , improvement phase) 優(yōu)化（分析，改善階段） ? Sustain and breakthrough (control phase, what’ s next? DFSSM, Lean or…..) 保持和突破（控制階段，下一步， 6西格馬設(shè)計(jì)，精益生產(chǎn)或 …..) Breakthrough Strategy 突破性戰(zhàn)略 S E A G A T E C O N FI D E N T I A LF i l e na m e A ut hor D a t e R e v i s i on S l i de D e p l o y O v e rv i e w . ppt 2 0 0 3 年 12 月 1 日星期一 1 13六 西格馬 – 六 西格馬能 產(chǎn)生突破性的進(jìn)展 !1 2 3 4 5Th e pro ble m w i t h c o nt i nu o us i mpr ov e m e nt s a s t he on l y go a l ,O rga niza t i o n s e e s i mpr ov e me nt B U T l os e s t he ga me .T i m e i n Y e a rsSta n d a r d A p p r o a c h e s? C u rr e n t T o o l s? K a i z e n? L e a n Ma n u f a c t u ri n g? Re e n g i n e e ri n g? T y p i c a l T Q MImprovementB r eakt hr ou gh S t r at egy T ra i n e d D e d i c a t e d I n d i v i d u a l s A n a l y t i c a l E x p e rt i s e 7 0 % I mp ro v e me n t p e r P ro j e c tSi x Si g m a 改善的速度是最大的區(qū)別！ Why Implement Six Sigma now ? 為什么現(xiàn)在是實(shí)施六西格馬的最佳時(shí)機(jī)？ ? “ Nothing new” “無(wú)新東西” － Most of the tools have been around for decades 大部分工具已出現(xiàn)了幾十年 － Neglected due to difficulty and discipline 由于難度大和條文多而被忽視 But 但是 ? Worldwide petition and globalization 世界范圍內(nèi)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和全球化 － Make neglect dangerous to us and lost of opportunities… 使忽略變得危險(xiǎn)并失去了很多機(jī)會(huì) ? Computing resources 電腦資源 － Makes application possible 是應(yīng)用變成可能 Ｗ hat is Sigma ? 什么是西格馬（ δ ） 例如：假設(shè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中其中一個(gè)工序是將金屬卻割成每個(gè)長(zhǎng)度為 10mm的產(chǎn)品．當(dāng)我們完成 100個(gè)產(chǎn)品后，測(cè)量每個(gè)產(chǎn)品的長(zhǎng)度，并將測(cè)量結(jié)果用直方圖的形式表達(dá)，我們將會(huì)得到下列結(jié)果： μ 平均值 μ ９ 10 11 μ = ∑x N = Ｗ hat is Sigma ? 什么是西格馬（ δ ） δ 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差值 μ ９ 10 11 μ = ∑( μ – x) N1 = 2 Before calculating Sigma quality level , you need to understand … Probability for the whole area under the cure = 1 i e . Yield + Defect lower than LSL + Defective higher than USL= 1. Defective rate Yield Defective rate Z LSL Target Mean Z USL eApplication : Z –Transform (using Excel function ? Returns a Z (normalized ) from a distribution characterized by mean and standard deviation . Standardize (x, mean, standard_ dev ) = Z Example : STANDIZE (42,40,15 ) = ? Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution function. NORMASDIST (z) = Probability Example : NORMSDIS () = ? Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution NORMSINV (probability ) = Z Example : NORMSINV ( ) = 擁有龐大的管理資料庫(kù) What is Six Sigma ? 什么是六西格馬 ? 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 (δ) 曲線形狀 數(shù)量 長(zhǎng)度 δ＝ 將標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差降至最低，最好是 0 δ＝ 相對(duì)來(lái)講，將平均值（ μ ） 調(diào)整至接近目標(biāo)值較為容易，我們最大的挑戰(zhàn) 是降低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差（ δ） ． What is Six Sigma ? 什么是六西格馬 ? 如果產(chǎn)品規(guī)格是：10177。 mm, 劃線部分便是不合格產(chǎn)品． 如果過(guò)程平均值是,偏離了目標(biāo)值),不符合規(guī)格的產(chǎn)品就會(huì)增加． Ｔ＝ LSL USL 不合格產(chǎn)品 不合格產(chǎn)品 Ｔ＝ LSL USL 不合格產(chǎn)品 不合格產(chǎn)品 Ｔ＝ μ ＝ What is Six Sigma ? 什么是六西格馬 ? 如果標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差值增加，不符合規(guī)格產(chǎn)品數(shù)量就會(huì)增加． 如果標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差值減少，不符合規(guī)格產(chǎn)品數(shù)量便會(huì)減少． μ ＝ LSL USL 不合格產(chǎn)品 不合格產(chǎn)品 μ ＝ LSL USL 不合格產(chǎn)品 不合格產(chǎn)品 μ ＝ Six Sigma Concept 六西格馬概念 A 3 Sigma process because 3 standard deviations fit between target and Spec. Target Customer Spec. Before 3 δ After 6 δ Customer Spec. Target 1δ 2δ 3δ No defect % Defects 1δ 2δ 3δ 4δ 5δ 6δ What does a 6 sigma process look like? 6西格馬水準(zhǔn)的過(guò)程是什么樣的？ Variation is Enemy 變異是我們的敵人 Defect reduction is our focus 降低產(chǎn)品缺陷是我們的目標(biāo) Average deviation from Mean 1δ μ T USL 1 2 3 4 5 6 What is Six Sigma ? 什么是六西格馬 ? ? Standard deviation is a measure of spread of the proc