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20xx人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修五unit3lifeinthefuturesection2(編輯修改稿)

2024-12-23 13:27 本頁(yè)面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 當(dāng)被問(wèn)及為何要做這件事時(shí) , 班長(zhǎng)說(shuō)這是他的職責(zé) 。 ② Approached in the dark the bulbs looked lonely and purposeless. 在黑暗中走進(jìn)時(shí) , 那些電燈顯得孤單而無(wú)意義 。 3)條件狀語(yǔ)和假設(shè)狀語(yǔ) ① Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果種在肥沃的土壤里 , 這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快 。 ② Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided. 要是多加注意 , 那次事故就可以避免了 。 4)方式狀語(yǔ)或伴隨狀語(yǔ) ① Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位教授在學(xué)生們的簇?fù)硐?, 興高采烈地坐在那兒 。 ② He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他靜靜地站在那里 , 被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶 。 5)讓步狀語(yǔ) ① Beaten by the police, sent to jail, Gandhi invented the principle of nonviolent resistance. 盡管受警察的毆打 , 被投入監(jiān)牢 , 甘地卻首創(chuàng)了非暴力抵抗的原則 。 ② Defeated again, he did not lose heart. 盡管再次被擊敗 , 但他沒(méi)有灰心 。 6)獨(dú)立成分 (插入語(yǔ) ) ① Given good weather, our ship will reach Shanghai Monday evening. 假如天氣好 , 我們的船將于星期一晚上到達(dá)上海 。 ② Put frankly, I don39。t agree with what he said. 坦白地說(shuō) , 我不同意他所說(shuō)的話 。 Ⅱ .與狀語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)換 1)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) , 可轉(zhuǎn)換為 when, while或 after等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句 。 Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. → When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 從山上往下看 , 這座公園看起來(lái)更加漂亮 。 2)作條件狀語(yǔ) , 可轉(zhuǎn)換為 if, once或 unless等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句 。 Given more time, she would certainly have done much better. → If she had been given more time, she would certainly have done much better. 如果有更多時(shí)間的話 , 她一定會(huì)干得更好些 。 3)作原因狀語(yǔ) , 可轉(zhuǎn)換為 as, since或 because等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句 。 The children, exhausted, fell asleep at once. → As the children were exhausted they fell asleep at once. 由于勞累 , 孩子們很快就睡著了 。 4)作讓步狀語(yǔ) , 可轉(zhuǎn)換為 although, though或 even if等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句 。 Although exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. → Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. 我們雖然爬得很累 , 但我們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)我們的旅程 。 5)作方式狀語(yǔ) , 如有連詞 as if, 就轉(zhuǎn)換為 as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句;若無(wú)連詞 , 則轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu) 。 He began to cry as if bitten by a snake. → He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake. 他大叫起來(lái) , 好像被蛇咬了 。 6)作伴隨狀語(yǔ) , 一般轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu) 。 Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter. → Aunt Wu came in, and (she) was followed by her daughter. 吳大娘走進(jìn)來(lái) , (她 )后面跟著她的女兒 。 1)現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)在 “ 邏輯 ” 方面的差異: 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)最主要的區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系 。 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí) , 過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系 。 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí) , 現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系 。 ① Given more attention, the trees could have grown 一些 , 它們本來(lái)會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好 。 ② Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for 好 , 他去找父母幫忙 。 2)現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)在 “ 時(shí)間 ” 方面的差異: 過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前 , 或表示一種狀態(tài) , 與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或存在 。 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行;現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式 (having done)表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的一個(gè)“ 主動(dòng) ” 動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動(dòng)式 (having been done)表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的一個(gè) “ 被動(dòng) ” 動(dòng)作 , 常常和表示次數(shù)的短語(yǔ)以及時(shí)間段 (for短語(yǔ) )連用 , 此時(shí)不能被過(guò)去分詞所替換 。 其他情況下通常被過(guò)去分詞所替換 , 使句式更簡(jiǎn)潔 。 ① Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因?yàn)閷?xiě)得匆忙 , 這篇文章不是很好 。 ② Reading carefully, he found something he had not known before. 他仔細(xì)讀書(shū)時(shí) , 發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西 。 ③ Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made. 進(jìn)行了幾次討論之后 , 終于作出了決定 。 3)部分過(guò)去分詞因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu) , 作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示 “ 被動(dòng)關(guān)系 ” , 其前不用 being。 這樣的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有: lost(陷入某種狀態(tài) ); seated(坐 );hidden(躲 ); stationed(駐扎 ); lost/absorbed in(沉溺于 ); dressed in(穿著 ); tired of(厭煩 )等 。 ① Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn39。t hear the sound. 因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?, 所以他沒(méi)聽(tīng)到那個(gè)聲音 。 ② Faced with difficulties, we must try to overe them. 在遇到困難的時(shí)候 , 我們必須設(shè)法克服 。 4)過(guò)去分詞用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí) , 前面往往帶有 when, i
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